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Lucas Werkmeister 4ed36b07ec Fix Elvish ⟨e⟩, ⟨é⟩, ⟨ê⟩ vowels 
⟨e⟩ almost certainly always represents [ɛ], not [e]. Appendix E of The
Lord of the Rings describes it as the sound in English “were”, and I’m
not aware of any English dialect that pronounces “were” with an [e].

In Quenya, long ⟨é⟩ (and, presumably, ⟨ê⟩) is, according to Appendix E,
“tenser and ‘closer’”, which I assume means [e]. Several online sources
agree with this as well.

In Sindarin, Appendix E is quite clear that ⟨é⟩ has “the same quality”
as ⟨e⟩, only differring from it in length: I assume this must mean that
⟨é⟩ is [ɛː] in Sindarin. The online information on this is confusing and
sometimes contradictory even within the same page; several sources claim
that Sindarin has an [eː], but I have not seen this claim substantiated
with a source from Tolkien, and I suspect it’s simply a confusion with
Quenya. It scarcely matters, anyway: Sindarin words with ⟨é⟩ or ⟨ê⟩ seem
to be pretty rare. (I’m aware of a single word with an ⟨é⟩ – the name
Eluréd, son of Dior – and the Omikhleia Sindarin dictionary [1] features
some words with ⟨ê⟩, giving their pronunciation with [ɛː].)

The [[EI]] phoneme for Sindarin ⟨ei⟩ is copied from the base2 phonemes.

[1]: https://www.jrrvf.com/hisweloke/sindar/index.html
2021-07-18 13:28:03 +02:00
..
b
1.45.44 -- from the espeak and espeakedit zip file sources
2011-09-17 16:31:41 +01:00
d
1.47.10a (from http://espeak.sourceforge.net/test/latest.html)
2013-05-03 16:24:33 +01:00
dzh
[1.42.21]
2009-12-20 07:48:33 +00:00
envelope
Cherokee language improvements.
2020-05-31 18:14:00 -04:00
g
1.45.44 -- from the espeak and espeakedit zip file sources
2011-09-17 16:31:41 +01:00
g2
[1.39.36]
2008-12-03 16:57:41 +00:00
h
Latvian language improvements
2020-05-17 21:47:01 +03:00
j
[1.46.44]
2013-03-08 20:40:02 +00:00
j2
[1.44.18]
2010-12-03 17:42:02 +00:00
klatt
Remove the executable bit from the new source files.
2013-05-04 09:37:11 +01:00
l
1.45.44 -- from the espeak and espeakedit zip file sources
2011-09-17 16:31:41 +01:00
l^
Added definition of l^_ at the end of word
2017-11-20 00:02:42 +02:00
ll
[1.43.46]
2010-06-20 13:15:35 +00:00
m
[1.47.12]
2013-09-23 14:20:26 +00:00
mbrola
Rename zh (Mandarin) to cmn across the codebase.
2021-05-11 20:14:54 +03:00
myanmar
Fixes for Myanmar (Burmese) language
2017-11-12 22:59:51 +02:00
n
vi: modify phoneme u@ and N
2019-03-26 15:35:36 +07:00
n^
[1.42.42]
2010-02-13 11:14:41 +00:00
nn
[1.43.46]
2010-06-20 13:15:35 +00:00
r
improvements for german
2018-01-08 22:14:29 +01:00
r2
[1.42.21]
2009-12-20 07:48:33 +00:00
r3
1.47.09 (from http://espeak.sourceforge.net/test/latest.html)
2013-04-30 11:34:51 +01:00
ufric
Merge branch 'upstream' into development
2015-04-01 16:52:48 +01:00
ustop
Merge branch 'upstream' into development
2014-11-07 09:20:21 +00:00
vdiph
Slight change to the aau6 formant sequence used for the aU phoneme
2018-04-27 20:13:56 +02:00
vdiph2
Shorter diphthong than 'uaa' with less distinct 'a' at the end
2018-01-17 20:02:24 +02:00
vietnam
vi: modify phoneme o
2019-04-21 02:32:34 +07:00
vnasal
fr: fix for issue #350 Bad Pronunciation in French ɔ̃ by Karl Eick
2018-01-12 22:04:47 +02:00
voc
1.47.03d (from http://espeak.sourceforge.net/test/latest.html)
2013-03-27 00:40:12 +00:00
vocw
git-svn-id: https://espeak.svn.sourceforge.net/svnroot/espeak/trunk@1 d46cf337-b52f-0410-862d-fd96e6ae7743
2007-05-05 11:00:27 +00:00
vowel
Revert some changes due to feedback.
2019-06-06 20:17:51 +02:00
vowelcharts
smj: Support for new language Lule Saami
2021-04-10 13:54:41 +03:00
vowelr
Merge branch 'upstream' into development
2013-02-20 08:11:33 +00:00
vweak
1.45.44 -- from the espeak and espeakedit zip file sources
2011-09-17 16:31:41 +01:00
vwl_af
git-svn-id: https://espeak.svn.sourceforge.net/svnroot/espeak/trunk@1 d46cf337-b52f-0410-862d-fd96e6ae7743
2007-05-05 11:00:27 +00:00
vwl_ar
ar: adjust wav file and phoneme length for s[
2019-01-18 14:17:42 +02:00
vwl_de
Correct some errors
2019-06-06 20:31:41 +02:00
vwl_en
[1.42.21]
2009-12-20 07:48:33 +00:00
vwl_en_n
Tidy up phsource.
2008-12-22 19:19:34 +00:00
vwl_en_rp
[1.42.21]
2009-12-20 07:48:33 +00:00
vwl_en_us
1.48.10 (from http://espeak.sourceforge.net/test/latest.html)
2014-08-09 13:16:51 +01:00
vwl_es
Created spanish diphthongs [oi], added statements to distinguish final diphtong, Created file phoneme oo_ unstressed final vowel.
2016-07-22 18:43:27 +02:00
vwl_fr
Merge branch 'upstream' into development
2013-03-26 01:17:35 +00:00
vwl_hi
1.45.44 -- from the espeak and espeakedit zip file sources
2011-09-17 16:31:41 +01:00
vwl_it
added italian vowels file
2016-03-31 11:18:02 +02:00
vwl_lv
Improvements for Latvian
2020-06-28 16:05:13 +03:00
vwl_no
git-svn-id: https://espeak.svn.sourceforge.net/svnroot/espeak/trunk@1 d46cf337-b52f-0410-862d-fd96e6ae7743
2007-05-05 11:00:27 +00:00
vwl_ro
[1.42.21]
2009-12-20 07:48:33 +00:00
vwl_ru
Add some missing files to SVN repository.
2010-06-25 18:50:41 +00:00
vwl_sv
1.45.44 -- from the espeak and espeakedit zip file sources
2011-09-17 16:31:41 +01:00
vwl_tn
1.45.44 -- from the espeak and espeakedit zip file sources
2011-09-17 16:31:41 +01:00
vwl_zh
1.45.44 -- from the espeak and espeakedit zip file sources
2011-09-17 16:31:41 +01:00
w
[1.47.05]
2013-04-08 19:12:53 +00:00
x
1.45.44 -- from the espeak and espeakedit zip file sources
2011-09-17 16:31:41 +01:00
envelopes.png
vi: modify Vietnamese phoneme rules and tone
2019-02-27 15:58:45 +02:00
intonation
Merge pull request #748
2020-05-11 21:55:41 +03:00
ph_afrikaans
Replace 'palatal' with 'pzd'.
2017-01-28 19:28:50 +00:00
ph_akan
Replace 'vowel' with 'vwl'.
2017-01-28 13:40:22 +00:00
ph_albanian
Revert the ipa phoneme changes.
2017-05-06 08:29:18 +01:00
ph_amhari
tests: test am consonant and vowel audio generation
2018-02-28 07:26:35 +00:00
ph_arabic
ar: adjust wav file and phoneme length for s[
2019-01-18 14:17:42 +02:00
ph_aragon
tests: test an consonant and vowel audio generation
2018-02-28 07:39:38 +00:00
ph_armenian
Revert the ipa phoneme changes.
2017-05-06 08:29:18 +01:00
ph_assamese
Use base1 as the base phonemetable, not 'base'.
2017-01-30 20:16:47 +00:00
ph_azerbaijani
Replace 'vowel' with 'vwl'.
2017-01-28 13:40:22 +00:00
ph_base2
Revert the ipa phoneme changes.
2017-05-06 08:29:18 +01:00
ph_bashkir
ba: add initial support for Bashkir language
2019-09-05 22:26:48 +03:00
ph_basque
Use base1 as the base phonemetable, not 'base'.
2017-01-30 20:16:47 +00:00
ph_bengali
Replace 'sibilant' with 'sib'.
2017-01-28 15:32:44 +00:00
ph_bulgarian
Use base1 as the base phonemetable, not 'base'.
2017-01-30 20:16:47 +00:00
ph_burmese
changing voice file and phsource
2017-11-07 08:36:54 +06:30
ph_catalan
Replace 'vowel' with 'vwl'.
2017-01-28 13:40:22 +00:00
ph_cherokee
Misc Cherokee language fixes.
2020-06-29 09:38:46 -04:00
ph_chuvash
Issue #767: add initial support for Chuvash language
2020-05-29 21:59:01 +03:00
ph_cmn
Rename zh (Mandarin) to cmn across the codebase.
2021-05-11 20:14:54 +03:00
ph_consonants
Revert the ipa phoneme changes.
2017-05-06 08:29:18 +01:00
ph_croatian
Use base1 as the base phonemetable, not 'base'.
2017-01-30 20:16:47 +00:00
ph_czech
Replace 'vowel' with 'vwl'.
2017-01-28 13:40:22 +00:00
ph_danish
Use base1 as the base phonemetable, not 'base'.
2017-01-30 20:16:47 +00:00
ph_dari
Replace 'vowel' with 'vwl'.
2017-01-28 13:40:22 +00:00
ph_dutch
Use base1 as the base phonemetable, not 'base'.
2017-01-30 20:16:47 +00:00
ph_english
Revert "en: use '@' instead of 'I' for the ROSES vowel in en and en-GB."
2018-04-13 07:29:26 +01:00
ph_english_n
Revert "en: use '@' instead of 'I' for the ROSES vowel in en and en-GB."
2018-04-13 07:29:26 +01:00
ph_english_rp
Revert "en: use '@' instead of 'I' for the ROSES vowel in en and en-GB."
2018-04-13 07:29:26 +01:00
ph_english_sc
Use base1 as the base phonemetable, not 'base'.
2017-01-30 20:16:47 +00:00
ph_english_us
en: Use a new /I2#/ phoneme for -ed based adjectives like 'wicked'.
2018-04-01 11:06:49 +01:00
ph_english_wi
Revert "en: use '@' instead of 'I' for the ROSES vowel in en and en-GB."
2018-04-13 07:29:26 +01:00
ph_english_wm
Revert "en: use '@' instead of 'I' for the ROSES vowel in en and en-GB."
2018-04-13 07:29:26 +01:00
ph_esperanto
Revert the ipa phoneme changes.
2017-05-06 08:29:18 +01:00
ph_estonian
Replace 'long' with 'lng'.
2017-01-28 19:44:06 +00:00
ph_farsi
Replace 'vowel' with 'vwl'.
2017-01-28 13:40:22 +00:00
ph_finnish
Use base1 as the base phonemetable, not 'base'.
2017-01-30 20:16:47 +00:00
ph_french
fr: remove the unused fr-CA phoneme table.
2018-03-08 07:12:49 +00:00
ph_georgian
Revert the ipa phoneme changes.
2017-05-06 08:29:18 +01:00
ph_german
Fix issue #492
2020-07-04 22:49:54 +03:00
ph_greek
Use base1 as the base phonemetable, not 'base'.
2017-01-30 20:16:47 +00:00
ph_greek_ancient
Replace 'vowel' with 'vwl'.
2017-01-28 13:40:22 +00:00
ph_greenlandic
Revert the ipa phoneme changes.
2017-05-06 08:29:18 +01:00
ph_guarani
Use base1 as the base phonemetable, not 'base'.
2017-01-30 20:16:47 +00:00
ph_gujarati
Replace 'long' with 'lng'.
2017-01-28 19:44:06 +00:00
ph_haitian
Replace 'vowel' with 'vwl'.
2017-01-28 13:40:22 +00:00
ph_hakka
improve the tone changing
2018-01-06 14:43:46 +00:00
ph_hawaiian
haw: fix issue #578: add initial support for Hawaiian language
2020-04-13 19:23:04 +03:00
ph_hindi
Updating Hindi ( inc/hi )
2017-02-03 18:36:20 +05:30
ph_hindi_base
Use base1 as the base phonemetable, not 'base'.
2017-01-30 20:16:47 +00:00
ph_hungarian
Revert the ipa phoneme changes.
2017-05-06 08:29:18 +01:00
ph_icelandic
Use base1 as the base phonemetable, not 'base'.
2017-01-30 20:16:47 +00:00
ph_indonesian
Use base1 as the base phonemetable, not 'base'.
2017-01-30 20:16:47 +00:00
ph_interlingua
Replace 'vowel' with 'vwl'.
2017-01-28 13:40:22 +00:00
ph_irish
Replace 'palatal' with 'pzd'.
2017-01-28 19:28:50 +00:00
ph_italian
Remove Byte Order Marks from source files
2019-12-16 22:38:24 +02:00
ph_japanese
Rename 'jp' to 'ja' to use the correct BCP47 language code.
2017-06-04 10:16:11 +01:00
ph_kannada
Use base1 as the base phonemetable, not 'base'.
2017-01-30 20:16:47 +00:00
ph_kazakh
Use base1 as the base phonemetable, not 'base'.
2017-01-30 20:16:47 +00:00
ph_kinyarwanda
Replace 'vowel' with 'vwl'.
2017-01-28 13:40:22 +00:00
ph_klingon
Fix issue #868: add initial support for Klingon
2021-01-05 20:17:51 +02:00
ph_konkani
Adding Konkani ( inc/kok )
2017-02-03 18:37:12 +05:30
ph_korean
Use base1 as the base phonemetable, not 'base'.
2017-01-30 20:16:47 +00:00
ph_kurdish
remove wrong rule from Kurdish phoneme
2019-05-06 00:36:13 +01:00
ph_kyrgyz
Revert the ipa phoneme changes.
2017-05-06 08:29:18 +01:00
ph_langbelta
Lang Belta (conlang from The Expanse)
2020-12-28 15:58:09 +02:00
ph_latin
Replace 'vowel' with 'vwl'.
2017-01-28 13:40:22 +00:00
ph_latvian
Improve vowel sound for Latvian
2020-05-22 15:37:06 +03:00
ph_lithuanian
Revert the ipa phoneme changes.
2017-05-06 08:29:18 +01:00
ph_lojban
Replace 'vowel' with 'vwl'.
2017-01-28 13:40:22 +00:00
ph_lule_saami
smj: Support for new language Lule Saami
2021-04-10 13:54:41 +03:00
ph_macedonian
Use 'alp' instead of 'pal palatal' for ɕ and ʑ.
2017-01-28 17:49:14 +00:00
ph_malayalam
Use base1 as the base phonemetable, not 'base'.
2017-01-30 20:16:47 +00:00
ph_maltese
Replace 'long' with 'lng'.
2017-01-28 19:44:06 +00:00
ph_manipuri
Replace 'sibilant' with 'sib'.
2017-01-28 15:32:44 +00:00
ph_maori
Fix issue #848: Māori improvements
2020-12-06 13:52:45 +02:00
ph_marathi
Issue #231 Marathi: New definition for v sound introduced to make it more distinct from m sound
2017-05-15 22:46:27 +03:00
ph_myanmar
Fixes for Myanmar (Burmese) language
2017-11-12 22:59:51 +02:00
ph_nahuatl
Replace 'vowel' with 'vwl'.
2017-01-28 13:40:22 +00:00
ph_nepali
Replace 'long' with 'lng'.
2017-01-28 19:44:06 +00:00
ph_northern-sotho
Replace 'vowel' with 'vwl'.
2017-01-28 13:40:22 +00:00
ph_norwegian
Replace 'vowel' with 'vwl'.
2017-01-28 13:40:22 +00:00
ph_oriya
Replace 'sibilant' with 'sib'.
2017-01-28 15:32:44 +00:00
ph_oromo
Use base1 as the base phonemetable, not 'base'.
2017-01-30 20:16:47 +00:00
ph_polish
Revert the ipa phoneme changes.
2017-05-06 08:29:18 +01:00
ph_portugal
Use base1 as the base phonemetable, not 'base'.
2017-01-30 20:16:47 +00:00
ph_pt_brazil
Use base1 as the base phonemetable, not 'base'.
2017-01-30 20:16:47 +00:00
ph_punjabi
Use base1 as the base phonemetable, not 'base'.
2017-01-30 20:16:47 +00:00
ph_pyash
Merge pull request #533
2019-04-08 19:20:33 +03:00
ph_quechua
qu: fix issue #561: add initial support for Quechua language
2020-04-12 23:44:48 +03:00
ph_quenya
Replace Elvish [[ui]]/[[uI]] diphthong
2021-07-18 13:28:03 +02:00
ph_romanian
Use base1 as the base phonemetable, not 'base'.
2017-01-30 20:16:47 +00:00
ph_russian
ru: fix part of issue #728: wrong pronunciation of ..ьи
2020-04-12 13:42:11 +03:00
ph_russian_lv
ru: create Russian (Latvia) accent
2018-06-21 16:56:40 +03:00
ph_s_gaelic
tests: test gd consonant and vowel audio generation
2018-03-09 07:06:57 +00:00
ph_serbian
Use 'alp' instead of 'pal palatal' for ɕ and ʑ.
2017-01-28 17:49:14 +00:00
ph_setswana
Use base1 as the base phonemetable, not 'base'.
2017-01-30 20:16:47 +00:00
ph_shan
Remove the executable bit from other non-executable files.
2019-12-03 19:31:56 +00:00
ph_sindarin
Fix Elvish ⟨e⟩, ⟨é⟩, ⟨ê⟩ vowels
2021-07-18 13:28:03 +02:00
ph_sindhi
Adding Sindhi - Arabic (inc/sd )
2017-02-03 18:46:27 +05:30
ph_sinhala
Use base1 as the base phonemetable, not 'base'.
2017-01-30 20:16:47 +00:00
ph_slovak
Replace 'sibilant' with 'sib'.
2017-01-28 15:32:44 +00:00
ph_slovenian
Use base1 as the base phonemetable, not 'base'.
2017-01-30 20:16:47 +00:00
ph_spanish
Use base1 as the base phonemetable, not 'base'.
2017-01-30 20:16:47 +00:00
ph_spanish_la
Replace 'sibilant' with 'sib'.
2017-01-28 15:32:44 +00:00
ph_swahili
Replace 'palatal' with 'pzd'.
2017-01-28 19:28:50 +00:00
ph_swedish
Replace 'vowel' with 'vwl'.
2017-01-28 13:40:22 +00:00
ph_tamil
Rename the isVel check to isVelar.
2017-03-02 06:41:51 +00:00
ph_tatar
Use base1 as the base phonemetable, not 'base'.
2017-01-30 20:16:47 +00:00
ph_telugu
Use base1 as the base phonemetable, not 'base'.
2017-01-30 20:16:47 +00:00
ph_tibetan
Replace 'sibilant' with 'sib'.
2017-01-28 15:32:44 +00:00
ph_turkish
Use base1 as the base phonemetable, not 'base'.
2017-01-30 20:16:47 +00:00
ph_turkmen
Issue #761: make improvements for Turkmen
2020-05-29 21:35:46 +03:00
ph_urdu
Replace 'vowel' with 'vwl'.
2017-01-28 13:40:22 +00:00
ph_uyghur
Issue #763: add initial support for Uyghur language
2020-05-29 18:41:32 +03:00
ph_uzbek
Issue #760: improve Uzbek language
2020-05-26 23:57:44 +03:00
ph_vietnam
vi: modify phoneme o
2019-04-21 02:32:34 +07:00
ph_vietnam_hue
[1.47.11b]
2013-05-29 10:09:12 +00:00
ph_vietnam_sgn
1.47.13 (from http://espeak.sourceforge.net/test/latest.html)
2013-10-22 15:55:09 +01:00
ph_welsh
Replace 'trill' with 'trl'.
2017-01-28 16:03:13 +00:00
ph_wolof
Replace 'vowel' with 'vwl'.
2017-01-28 13:40:22 +00:00
ph_yoruba
Replace 'vowel' with 'vwl'.
2017-01-28 13:40:22 +00:00
ph_yue
Rename zhy (Cantonese) to yue across the codebase.
2021-05-11 19:19:55 +03:00
phonemes
Add Sindarin ⟨ae⟩, ⟨ai⟩, ⟨oe⟩, ⟨ui⟩ diphthongs
2021-07-18 13:28:02 +02:00