mirror of
https://github.com/rhasspy/espeak-ng.git
synced 2026-11-11 08:30:31 +00:00
docs/phonemes.md: improve the rounding and labialization specification and use these to describe the co-articulated consonants.
This commit is contained in:
+21
-23
@@ -12,13 +12,12 @@
|
||||
- [Place of Articulation](#place-of-articulation)
|
||||
- [Active Articulators](#active-articulators)
|
||||
- [Passive Articulators](#passive-articulators)
|
||||
- [Rounding and Labialization](#rounding-and-labialization)
|
||||
- [Consonants](#consonants)
|
||||
- [Co-articulation](#co-articulation)
|
||||
- [Manner of Articulation](#manner-of-articulation)
|
||||
- [Vowels](#vowels-1)
|
||||
- [Height](#height)
|
||||
- [Backness](#backness)
|
||||
- [Rounding](#rounding)
|
||||
- [Diacritics](#diacritics)
|
||||
- [Syllabicity](#syllabicity)
|
||||
- [Consonant Release](#consonant-release)
|
||||
@@ -353,12 +352,12 @@ Symbols to the left have a `vls` phonation, and to the right have `mdv` phonatio
|
||||
|
||||
### Other Symbols
|
||||
|
||||
| Symbol | Features |
|
||||
|--------|-------------------------|
|
||||
| ʍ | `vls` `lbv` `apr` |
|
||||
| w | `mdv` `lbv` `apr` |
|
||||
| ɥ | `mdv` `lbp` `apr` |
|
||||
| ɧ | `vls` `vzd` `pla` `frc` |
|
||||
| Symbol | Alternative | Features |
|
||||
|--------|-------------|-------------------------|
|
||||
| ʍ | ɰ̊ʷ | `vls` `vel` `ptr` `apr` |
|
||||
| w | ɰʷ | `mdv` `vel` `ptr` `apr` |
|
||||
| ɥ | jʷ | `mdv` `pal` `ptr` `apr` |
|
||||
| ɧ | | `vls` `vzd` `pla` `frc` |
|
||||
|
||||
### Vowels
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -517,15 +516,22 @@ consonants, but Wikipedia does not. This model uses the Wikipedia descriptions.
|
||||
| `egs` | epiglottis |
|
||||
| `gts` | glottis |
|
||||
|
||||
### Rounding and Labialization
|
||||
|
||||
| Feature | Symbol | Name | Rounded | Position |
|
||||
|---------|--------|------------|---------|-----------------------------------------|
|
||||
| `unr` | | unrounded | No | Close to the jaw. |
|
||||
| `ptr` | ◌ʷ, ◌ᶣ | protruded | Yes | Protrude outward from the jaw. |
|
||||
| `cmp` | ◌ᵝ | compressed | Yes | Close to the jaw. |
|
||||
| `rnd` | | rounded | Yes | `ptr` if `bck` or `cnt`; `cmp` if `fnt` |
|
||||
|
||||
The `unr` and `rnd` features are used for vowels to describe their default
|
||||
labialization. Consonants are `unr` by default, and can use the ◌ʷ, ◌ᶣ and ◌ᵝ
|
||||
annotations to specify the type of labialization. Vowels can use these to
|
||||
change their labialization from the default one specified by `rnd`.
|
||||
|
||||
### Consonants
|
||||
|
||||
#### Co-articulation
|
||||
|
||||
| Feature | Kirshenbaum | Name |
|
||||
|---------|-------------|-----------------|
|
||||
| `lbv` | `lbv` | labial-velar |
|
||||
| `lbp` | | labial-palatal |
|
||||
|
||||
#### Manner of Articulation
|
||||
|
||||
| Feature | Kirshenbaum | Name |
|
||||
@@ -575,13 +581,6 @@ __NOTE:__ `sib` is not used in the IPA charts.
|
||||
| `cnt` | `cnt` | center |
|
||||
| `bck` | `bck` | back |
|
||||
|
||||
#### Rounding
|
||||
|
||||
| Feature | Kirshenbaum | Name |
|
||||
|---------|-------------|-----------------|
|
||||
| `unr` | `unr` | unrounded |
|
||||
| `rnd` | `rnd` | rounded |
|
||||
|
||||
### Diacritics
|
||||
|
||||
#### Syllabicity
|
||||
@@ -662,7 +661,6 @@ diacritics.
|
||||
|---------|-------------|-----|-----------------|
|
||||
| `mrd` | | ◌̹ | more rounded |
|
||||
| `lrd` | | ◌̜ | less rounded |
|
||||
| `lzd` | `lzd` | ◌ʷ | labialized or labio-velarized |
|
||||
| `pzd` | `pzd` | ◌ʲ | palatalized |
|
||||
| `vzd` | `vzd` | ◌ˠ | velarized |
|
||||
| `fzd` | `fzd` | ◌ˤ | pharyngealized |
|
||||
|
||||
Reference in New Issue
Block a user