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docs/phonemes.md: group the features according to the IPA chart.
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# Phonemes
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- [Phoneme Type](#phoneme-type)
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- [Consonants (Pulmonic)](#consonants-pulmonic)
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- [Voicing](#voicing)
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- [Place of Articulation](#place-of-articulation)
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- [Manner of Articulation](#manner-of-articulation)
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- [Consonants (Non-Pulmonic)](#consonants-non-pulmonic)
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- [Other Symbols](#other-symbols)
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- [Vowels](#vowels)
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- [Height](#height)
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- [Backness](#backness)
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- [Rounding](#rounding)
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- [Additional Features](#additional-features)
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- [Diacritics](#diacritics)
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- [Suprasegmentals](#suprasegmentals)
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- [Unused](#unused)
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- [References](#references)
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@@ -24,12 +25,6 @@ described as a sequence of features.
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This document describes the features used by Kirshenbaum.
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## Phoneme Type
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| Feature | Kirshenbaum | Name |
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|---------|-------------|-----------------|
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| `vwl` | `vwl` | vowel |
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## Consonants (Pulmonic)
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### Voicing
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| `lbd` | `lbd` | labio-dental |
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| `dnt` | `dnt` | dental |
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| `alv` | `alv` | alveolar |
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| `pla` | `pla` | post-alveolar (palato-alveolar) |
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| `rfx` | `rfx` | retroflex |
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| `pla` | `pla` | palato-alveolar |
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| `pal` | `pal` | palatal |
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| `vel` | `vel` | velar |
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| `lbv` | `lbv` | labio-velar |
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| `uvl` | `uvl` | uvular |
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| `phr` | `phr` | pharyngeal |
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| `glt` | `glt` | glottal |
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@@ -60,13 +54,13 @@ This document describes the features used by Kirshenbaum.
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| Feature | Kirshenbaum | Name |
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|---------|-------------|-----------------|
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| `stp` | `stp` | stop |
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| `frc` | `frc` | fricative |
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| `pls` | `stp` | plosive (stop) |
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| `nas` | `nas` | nasal |
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| `apr` | `apr` | approximant |
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| `lat` | `lat` | lateral |
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| `trl` | `trl` | trill |
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| `flp` | `flp` | tap/flap |
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| `frc` | `frc` | fricative |
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| `apr` | `apr` | approximant |
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| `lat` | `lat` | lateral |
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## Consonants (Non-Pulmonic)
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| `ejc` | `ejc` | ejective |
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| `imp` | `imp` | implosive |
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## Other Symbols
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| Feature | Kirshenbaum | Name |
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|---------|-------------|-----------------|
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| `lbv` | `lbv` | labial-velar |
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## Vowels
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| Feature | Kirshenbaum | Name |
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|---------|-------------|-----------------|
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| `vwl` | `vwl` | vowel |
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### Height
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| Feature | Kirshenbaum | Name |
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| `unr` | `unr` | unrounded |
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| `rnd` | `rnd` | rounded |
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## Additional Features
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## Diacritics
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| Feature | Kirshenbaum | Name |
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|---------|-------------|-----------------|
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| `unx` | `unx` | unexploded |
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| `syl` | `syl` | syllabic |
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| `mrm` | `mrm` | murmured |
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| `lng` | `lng` | long |
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| `vzd` | `vzd` | velarized |
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| `lzd` | `lzd` | labialized |
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| `pzd` | `pzd` | palatalized |
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| `nzd` | `nzd` | nasalized |
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| `fzd` | `fzd` | pharyngealized |
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## Suprasegmentals
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| Feature | Kirshenbaum | Name |
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|---------|-------------|-----------------|
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| `lng` | `lng` | long |
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## Unused
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These are feature abbreviations specified by Evan Kirshenbaum in Appendix A of
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@@ -137,3 +146,6 @@ his ASCII/IPA transcription, but are not used elsewhere.
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2. <a name="ref2"></a> Kirshenbaum, Evan,
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[http://www.kirshenbaum.net/IPA/ascii-ipa.pdf](Representing IPA phonetics in ASCII) (PDF). 2001.
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3. <a name="ref3"></a> International Phonetic Association,
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[https://www.internationalphoneticassociation.org/content/ipa-chart](The International Phonetic Alphabet and the IPA Chart). 2015. Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0 Unported License (CC-BY-SA).
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