diff --git a/docs/phonemes.md b/docs/phonemes.md index 1f01d1f5..c0593ebf 100644 --- a/docs/phonemes.md +++ b/docs/phonemes.md @@ -1,16 +1,17 @@ # Phonemes -- [Phoneme Type](#phoneme-type) - [Consonants (Pulmonic)](#consonants-pulmonic) - [Voicing](#voicing) - [Place of Articulation](#place-of-articulation) - [Manner of Articulation](#manner-of-articulation) - [Consonants (Non-Pulmonic)](#consonants-non-pulmonic) +- [Other Symbols](#other-symbols) - [Vowels](#vowels) - [Height](#height) - [Backness](#backness) - [Rounding](#rounding) -- [Additional Features](#additional-features) +- [Diacritics](#diacritics) +- [Suprasegmentals](#suprasegmentals) - [Unused](#unused) - [References](#references) @@ -24,12 +25,6 @@ described as a sequence of features. This document describes the features used by Kirshenbaum. -## Phoneme Type - -| Feature | Kirshenbaum | Name | -|---------|-------------|-----------------| -| `vwl` | `vwl` | vowel | - ## Consonants (Pulmonic) ### Voicing @@ -47,11 +42,10 @@ This document describes the features used by Kirshenbaum. | `lbd` | `lbd` | labio-dental | | `dnt` | `dnt` | dental | | `alv` | `alv` | alveolar | +| `pla` | `pla` | post-alveolar (palato-alveolar) | | `rfx` | `rfx` | retroflex | -| `pla` | `pla` | palato-alveolar | | `pal` | `pal` | palatal | | `vel` | `vel` | velar | -| `lbv` | `lbv` | labio-velar | | `uvl` | `uvl` | uvular | | `phr` | `phr` | pharyngeal | | `glt` | `glt` | glottal | @@ -60,13 +54,13 @@ This document describes the features used by Kirshenbaum. | Feature | Kirshenbaum | Name | |---------|-------------|-----------------| -| `stp` | `stp` | stop | -| `frc` | `frc` | fricative | +| `pls` | `stp` | plosive (stop) | | `nas` | `nas` | nasal | -| `apr` | `apr` | approximant | -| `lat` | `lat` | lateral | | `trl` | `trl` | trill | | `flp` | `flp` | tap/flap | +| `frc` | `frc` | fricative | +| `apr` | `apr` | approximant | +| `lat` | `lat` | lateral | ## Consonants (Non-Pulmonic) @@ -76,8 +70,18 @@ This document describes the features used by Kirshenbaum. | `ejc` | `ejc` | ejective | | `imp` | `imp` | implosive | +## Other Symbols + +| Feature | Kirshenbaum | Name | +|---------|-------------|-----------------| +| `lbv` | `lbv` | labial-velar | + ## Vowels +| Feature | Kirshenbaum | Name | +|---------|-------------|-----------------| +| `vwl` | `vwl` | vowel | + ### Height | Feature | Kirshenbaum | Name | @@ -104,7 +108,7 @@ This document describes the features used by Kirshenbaum. | `unr` | `unr` | unrounded | | `rnd` | `rnd` | rounded | -## Additional Features +## Diacritics | Feature | Kirshenbaum | Name | |---------|-------------|-----------------| @@ -112,7 +116,6 @@ This document describes the features used by Kirshenbaum. | `unx` | `unx` | unexploded | | `syl` | `syl` | syllabic | | `mrm` | `mrm` | murmured | -| `lng` | `lng` | long | | `vzd` | `vzd` | velarized | | `lzd` | `lzd` | labialized | | `pzd` | `pzd` | palatalized | @@ -120,6 +123,12 @@ This document describes the features used by Kirshenbaum. | `nzd` | `nzd` | nasalized | | `fzd` | `fzd` | pharyngealized | +## Suprasegmentals + +| Feature | Kirshenbaum | Name | +|---------|-------------|-----------------| +| `lng` | `lng` | long | + ## Unused These are feature abbreviations specified by Evan Kirshenbaum in Appendix A of @@ -137,3 +146,6 @@ his ASCII/IPA transcription, but are not used elsewhere. 2. Kirshenbaum, Evan, [http://www.kirshenbaum.net/IPA/ascii-ipa.pdf](Representing IPA phonetics in ASCII) (PDF). 2001. + +3. International Phonetic Association, + [https://www.internationalphoneticassociation.org/content/ipa-chart](The International Phonetic Alphabet and the IPA Chart). 2015. Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0 Unported License (CC-BY-SA).