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docs: Add notes for the remaining kirshenbaum features in phonemes.md.
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@@ -44,6 +44,9 @@ world. The origin column is used to describe where the feature originated from:
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1. `espeak-ng` -- The features originate from the eSpeak NG Text-to-Speech
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program, and are defined in this document.
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Not all the Cainteoir Text-to-Speech phoneme features are listed here, only
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the ones that are relevant to eSpeak NG.
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The goal of this document is not to provide a detailed guide on phonetics. Nor
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is it intended to be able to accurately record differences in IPA diacritics.
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Instead, it is designed to be a transcription guide for authors of espeak-ng
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@@ -122,14 +125,24 @@ The `vwl` phonemes are described using vowel height and backness features,
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while consonants (the other manners of articulation) are described using
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place of articulation features.
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Additionally, the manner of articulation can be refined using the following
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features:
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__NOTE:__ Evan Kirshenbaum defines an `orl` (oral) feature which is not
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used. From context, it looks like `{orl,stp}` was indended to be used for
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plosives, and `{nas,stp}` for nasals. That feature is not defined in this
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document, but is defined in the [phoneme model](phoneme_model.md).
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The manner of articulation can be refined using the following features:
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| Feature | Name | Origin |
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|---------|----------|---------------|
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| `lat` | lateral | `kirshenbaum` |
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| `sib` | sibilant | `cainteoir` |
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__NOTE:__ Evan Kirshenbaum defines a `ctl` (central) feature which is not
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used. From context, it looks like it was intended to explicitly annotate
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consonants as having a central release, similar to how the `lat` feature
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is used for lateral release. As consonants are implicitly central, the
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`ctl` feature is not needed and as such is not defined in this document.
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### Place of Articulation
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| Feature | Name | Origin |
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@@ -260,6 +273,10 @@ The IPA ◌̥ diacritic is also used to fill the `vls` spaces in the IPA consona
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charts. Thus, when ◌̥ is used with a `vcd` consonant that does not have an
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equivalent `vls` consonant, the resulting consonant is `vls`, not `slv`.
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__NOTE:__ Evan Kirshenbaum uses the `mrm` (murmured) feature for breathy voice,
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using it for `[ɦ]` instead of `vcd`, following the way the phoneme is pronounced
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instead of how it is annotated on the IPA chart.
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### Rounding and Labialization
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| Feature | Symbol | Name | Origin |
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@@ -267,6 +284,8 @@ equivalent `vls` consonant, the resulting consonant is `vls`, not `slv`.
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| `ptr` | ◌ʷ, ◌ᶣ | protruded | `espeak-ng` |
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| `cmp` | ◌ᵝ | compressed | `espeak-ng` |
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__NOTE:__ Evan Kirshenbaum uses the `lzd` (labialized) feature for protruded.
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The degree of rounding/labialization can be specified using the following
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features:
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