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46 lines
2.2 KiB
Markdown
46 lines
2.2 KiB
Markdown
# Phoneme Model
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- [References](#references)
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----------
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Evan Kirshenbaum's feature set used in his ASCII transcription of the
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International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)<sup>\[<a href="#ref1">1</a>\],
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\[<a href="#ref2">2</a>\]</sup> describes the phonemes in a way consistent with
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how the phonemes are organised in the IPA code chart. That is the approach used
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in the [Phonemes](phonemes.md) document to describe the phonemes in a phoneme
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definition file.
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Those phoneme features often represent the action of more than one articulatory
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mechanism used to produce speech, or affect the same area. Internally, espeak-ng
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makes use of the articulatory model, not the IPA descriptions. This document
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describes how the feature-based IPA model is mapped to the articulatory model.
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People working on adding new voices or languages do not need to read this
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document, but should instead read the [Phonemes](phonemes.md) document. This is
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intended for people working on the espeak-ng codebase, or people interested in
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how espeak-ng works internally.
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__NOTE:__ This model is in the process of being implemented. As such, the
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current implementation does not reflect this document.
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## References
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1. <a name="ref1"></a> Kirshenbaum, Evan,
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[Representing IPA phonetics in ASCII](http://www.kirshenbaum.net/IPA/faq.html) (HTML). 1993.
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2. <a name="ref2"></a> Kirshenbaum, Evan,
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[Representing IPA phonetics in ASCII](http://www.kirshenbaum.net/IPA/ascii-ipa.pdf) (PDF). 2001.
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3. <a name="ref3"></a> International Phonetic Association,
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[The International Phonetic Alphabet and the IPA Chart](https://www.internationalphoneticassociation.org/content/ipa-chart). 2015.
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Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0 Unported License (CC-BY-SA).
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4. <a name="ref4"></a> Wikipedia.
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[International Phonetic Alphabet](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet). 2017.
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Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0 Unported License (CC-BY-SA).
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5. <a name="ref7"></a> Wikipedia.
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[Extensions to the International Phonetic Alphabet](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extensions_to_the_International_Phonetic_Alphabet). 2017,
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Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0 Unported License (CC-BY-SA).
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