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espeak-ng/phsource/ph_cherokee
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//*******************************************************************
// TONES
//*******************************************************************
//*******************************************************************
// REFERENCE MATERIALS
//*******************************************************************
// Collaborative Documentation and Revitalization of Cherokee Tone
// https://scholarspace.manoa.hawaii.edu/bitstream/handle/10125/24630/herrick.pdf
// Tones fall within a range of 80–140 H (pg 21, footnote)
// the mid tone (2) starts at 104 Hz (P1) and falls approximately 2 Hz at of the next four points ending at 96 Hz at P5.
//
// Building Tone Resources for Second Language Learners from Phonetic Documentation
// https://scholarspace.manoa.hawaii.edu/bitstream/10125/24737/hirata-edds_herrick.pdf
//
// Pitch contours taken from Praat chart, pg 295
//
// (¹) low fall: 106, 102, 97, 92, 88
// (²) low/mid: 104, 100, 98, 97, 96
// (³) high: 108, 109, 110, 111, 112
// (⁴) super high: 109, 113, 118, 122, 127
// (²³) rising: 97, 98, 101, 104, 109
// (³²) falling: 122, 120, 115, 106, 97
// A REFERENCE GRAMMAR OF OKLAHOMA CHEROKEE (2008)
// Short vowels preceding /h/ are devoiced, pg 45 (how to do this espeak-ng?)
// Word final vowels are nasalized
// Vowels are nasalized after a nasal consonant
// Vowels are either long or short; a long vowel takes
// approximately twice as long to pronounce as its
// short counterpart., pg 46
//int pitch1 = 0;
//int pitch2 = 0;
//int pitch_env = 0;
//int amp_env = 0;
//IF (pitch1 >= pitch2) the pitch values get swapped (???)
phoneme 1 // low fall (¹), long vowels only
stress
ipa ˨˩
Tone(28, 7, envelope/chr_fall21, NULL) //need a pitch contour of 106-88 for a
endphoneme
phoneme 2 // low (²)
stress
ipa ˨
Tone(27, 16, envelope/chr_level2, NULL) //need a pitch contour of 104-96 for a
endphoneme
phoneme 23 // rising (²³)
stress
ipa ˨˧
Tone(16, 30, envelope/chr_rise23, NULL) //need a pitch contour of 97-109 for a
endphoneme
phoneme 32 // falling (³²)
stress
ipa ˧˨
Tone(45, 15, envelope/chr_fall32, NULL) //need a pitch contour of 122-97 for a
endphoneme
phoneme 3 // high (³)
stress
ipa ˧
//Tone(109, 116, envelope/p_rise, NULL) //need a pitch contour of 108-112 for a
Tone(29, 35, envelope/chr_level3, NULL) //need a pitch contour of 108-112 for a
endphoneme
phoneme 4 // extra high rise (⁴)
stress
ipa ˧˦
Tone(29, 52, envelope/chr_rise4, NULL) //need a pitch contour of 109-127 for a
endphoneme
phoneme 43 // extra high fall (⁴³) - end of word tone
stress
ipa ˦˧
//need a pitch contour of 122-75 for a~
Tone(44, 0, envelope/chr_fall43, NULL)
endphoneme
//from phonemes
phoneme : // lengthen previous vowel by "length"
virtual
length 300
endphoneme
phoneme 0
vwl starttype #o endtype #o
length 300
FMT(vowel/0_3)
endphoneme
phoneme 0`
vwl starttype #o endtype #o
length 100
FMT(vowel/0_3)
endphoneme
phoneme 0~
vwl starttype #o endtype #o
length 300
FMT(vnasal/aa_n4)
endphoneme
phoneme 0~`
vwl starttype #o endtype #o
length 100
FMT(vnasal/aa_n4)
endphoneme
phoneme e
vwl starttype #e endtype #e
length 300
FMT(vowel/e_mid)
endphoneme
phoneme e`
vwl starttype #e endtype #e
length 100
FMT(vowel/e_mid)
endphoneme
phoneme e~
vwl starttype #e endtype #e
length 300
FMT(vnasal/ee_n2)
endphoneme
phoneme e~`
vwl starttype #e endtype #e
length 100
FMT(vnasal/ee_n2)
endphoneme
phoneme i
vwl starttype #i endtype #i
length 300
//IfNextVowelAppend(;)
FMT(vowel/i)
endphoneme
phoneme i`
vwl starttype #i endtype #i
length 100
//IfNextVowelAppend(;)
FMT(vowel/i)
endphoneme
phoneme i~
vwl starttype #i endtype #i
length 300
//IfNextVowelAppend(;)
FMT(vnasal/i_n)
endphoneme
phoneme i~`
vwl starttype #i endtype #i
length 100
//IfNextVowelAppend(;)
FMT(vnasal/i_n)
endphoneme
// o, ọ
phoneme o
vwl starttype #o endtype #o
length 300
FMT(vowel/o)
endphoneme
phoneme o`
vwl starttype #o endtype #o
length 100
FMT(vowel/o)
endphoneme
// o, ọ, final word vowel
phoneme o~
vwl starttype #o endtype #o
length 300
FMT(vnasal/o_n)
endphoneme
phoneme o~`
vwl starttype #o endtype #o
length 100
FMT(vnasal/o_n)
endphoneme
// u, ụ
//from ph_base2
phoneme u
vwl starttype #u endtype #u
length 300
FMT(vowel/u_bck)
endphoneme
phoneme u`
vwl starttype #u endtype #u
length 100
FMT(vowel/u_bck)
endphoneme
// u, ụ, final word vowel
phoneme u~
vwl starttype #u endtype #u
length 300
FMT(vnasal/u_n)
endphoneme
phoneme u~`
vwl starttype #u endtype #u
length 100
FMT(vnasal/u_n)
endphoneme
//ṿ, v
phoneme V~
vwl lng starttype #@ endtype #@
length 300
FMT(vnasal/V_n, 100)
endphoneme
phoneme V~`
vwl lng starttype #@ endtype #@
length 100
FMT(vnasal/V_n)
endphoneme
phoneme h
vls glt apr
ipa h
IF prevPhW(isVowel) AND nextPhW(isNotVowel) THEN
length 25
lengthmod 1
ENDIF
IF nextPhW(#@) THEN
length 50
WAV(h/h@, 70)
ELIF nextPhW(#a) THEN
WAV(h/ha)
ELIF nextPhW(#e) THEN
length 60
WAV(h/he, 75)
ELIF nextPhW(#i) THEN
length 75
WAV(h/hi)
ELIF nextPhW(#o) THEN
length 75
WAV(h/ho)
ELIF nextPhW(#u) THEN
length 80
WAV(h/hu)
ELSE
length 60
WAV(h/h_) // no vowel following
ENDIF
endphoneme
phoneme h`
vls glt apr
ipa h
length 10
WAV(h/h_) // no vowel following
endphoneme
phoneme s
vls alv frc sib
voicingswitch z
lengthmod 3
Vowelin f1=0 f2=1700 -300 300 f3=-100 80
Vowelout f1=0 f2=1700 -300 250 f3=-100 80 rms=20
IF nextPh(isPause) THEN
WAV(ufric/s_)
ELIF nextPh(p) OR nextPh(t) OR nextPh(k) THEN
WAV(ufric/s!)
ENDIF
WAV(ufric/s)
endphoneme
phoneme g
vcd vel stp
voicingswitch k
lengthmod 5
Vowelin f1=2 f2=2300 200 300 f3=-300 80
Vowelout f1=2 f2=2300 250 300 f3=-300 80 brk
// IF PreVoicing THEN
//FMT(g/xg)
//ENDIF
IF nextPh(isPause2) THEN
//addWav(ustop/k_)
FMT(g/g_) addWav(ustop/k_)
//addWav(x/g_)
ELSE
//addWav(ustop/k_asp)
FMT(g/g) addWav(ustop/k_asp)
//addWav(x/g)
ENDIF
endphoneme
phoneme t
vls alv stp
voicingswitch d
lengthmod 2
Vowelin f1=0 f2=1700 -300 300 f3=-100 80
Vowelout f1=0 f2=1700 -300 250 f3=-100 80 rms=20
IF nextPh(isPause2) THEN
WAV(ustop/t_)
ELIF nextPh(@-) THEN
WAV(ustop/t_dnt, 50)
ELSE
WAV(ustop/t_dnt, 100)
ENDIF
endphoneme
phoneme dZ // **j**udge
ipa dZ
vcd pla afr sib
voicingswitch tS
lengthmod 5
Vowelin f1=2 f2=2300 200 400 f3=100 80
Vowelout f1=2 f2=2300 250 300 f3=100 80 brk
IF PreVoicing THEN
FMT(dzh/xdz_pzd, 250)
ENDIF
IF nextPh(isPause2) THEN
FMT(dzh/dz_pzd_, 250) addWav(x/dz_pzd_, 250)
ENDIF
FMT(dzh/dz_pzd, 250) addWav(x/dz_pzd, 250)
endphoneme
phoneme n
vcd alv nas
Vowelout f1=2 f2=1500 -300 250 f3=-100 80 rms=20 brk
Vowelin rate
lengthmod 4
IF KlattSynth THEN
Vowelin f1=0 f2=1500 -200 200 f3=0 80
FMT(klatt/n)
ENDIF
NextVowelStarts
VowelStart(n/n@)
VowelStart(n/na)
VowelStart(n/ne)
VowelStart(n/ni)
VowelStart(n/no)
VowelStart(n/nu)
EndSwitch
IF prevPh(isNotVowel) AND nextPhW(isLiquid) THEN
FMT(n/nj)
ELIF prevPh(isPause) OR prevPh(n) THEN
FMT(n/_n)
ELIF nextPh(isNotVowel) THEN
FMT(n/n_)
ENDIF
endphoneme
phoneme m
vcd blb nas
Vowelout f1=2 f2=1000 -500 -350 f3=-200 80 brk
lengthmod 4
IF KlattSynth THEN
Vowelin f1=0 f2=1000 -50 -200 f3=-200 80
IF nextPh(isPause2) THEN
FMT(klatt/m_)
ENDIF
FMT(klatt/m)
ENDIF
NextVowelStarts
VowelStart(m/m@)
VowelStart(m/ma)
VowelStart(m/me)
VowelStart(m/mi)
VowelStart(m/mo)
VowelStart(m/mu)
EndSwitch
IF prevPh(isNotVowel) AND nextPhW(isLiquid) THEN
FMT(m/mj)
ELIF prevPh(isPause) THEN
FMT(m/_m)
ELIF nextPh(isNotVowel) THEN
FMT(m/m_)
ENDIF
endphoneme
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