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89 lines
2.5 KiB
Markdown
89 lines
2.5 KiB
Markdown
# English
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- [Short Vowels](#short-vowels)
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- [Long Vowels](#long-vowels)
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- [Rhotic Vowels](#rhotic-vowels)
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- [Reduced Vowels](#reduced-vowels)
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- [Diphthongs](#diphthongs)
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- [Split Vowels](#split-vowels)
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- [References](#references)
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----------
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The English language support uses a vowel system based on John Wells' Lexical
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Sets<sup>\[<a href="#ref1">1</a>\]</sup>. These were created by Wells in 1982
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by comparing the Received Pronunciation British (RP) and General American
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(GenAm) accents in use at that time.
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## Short Vowels
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| Lexical Set | RP | GenAm |
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|-------------|-------|-------|
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| KIT | ɪ | ɪ |
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| DRESS | e | ɛ |
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| TRAP | æ | æ |
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| LOT | ɒ | ɑ |
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| STRUT | ʌ | ʌ |
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| FOOT | ʊ | ʊ |
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## Long Vowels
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| Lexical Set | RP | GenAm |
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|-------------|-------|-------|
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| FLEECE | iː | i |
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| PALM | ɑː | ɑ |
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| THOUGHT | ɔː | ɔ |
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| GOOSE | uː | u |
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## Rhotic Vowels
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These are vowels that are followed by an `r` that is not part of the next syllable
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when considering the root form of the word containing that vowel.
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| Lexical Set | RP | GenAm |
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|-------------|-------|-------|
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| NURSE | ɜː | ɝ |
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| START | ɑː | ɑɹ |
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| NORTH | ɔː | ɔɹ |
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| FORCE | ɔː | oɹ |
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| CURE | ʊə̯ | ʊɹ |
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| NEAR | ɪə̯ | ɪɹ |
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| SQUARE | eə̯ | ɛɹ |
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## Reduced Vowels
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These are unstressed vowels that differ from the vowels in the main lexical sets.
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| Lexical Set | RP | GenAm |
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|-------------|-------|-------|
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| HAPPY | ɪ | i |
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| COMMA | ə | ə |
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| LETTER | ə | ɚ |
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## Diphthongs
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| Lexical Set | RP | GenAm |
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|-------------|-------|-------|
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| FACE | eɪ̯ | eɪ̯ |
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| PRICE | aɪ̯ | aɪ̯ |
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| CHOICE | ɔɪ̯ | ɔɪ̯ |
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| GOAT | əʊ̯ | oʊ̯ |
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| MOUTH | aʊ̯ | aʊ̯ |
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## Split Vowels
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These are lexical sets defined by John Wells that are merged with other lexical
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sets in both RP and GenAm, so have split from one of those lexical sets and
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merged with the other.
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| Lexical Set | RP | GenAm |
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|-------------|-------|-------|
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| BATH | ɑː | æ |
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| CLOTH | ɒ | ɔ |
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## References
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1. <a name="ref1"></a> Wikipedia.
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[Lexical set](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lexical_set). 2017.
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Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0 Unported License (CC-BY-SA).
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