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// PB General rules for vowels:
// Short vowels
// ACC: Short "pille" [p?el@-], "andre" [AndRV]
// AC[V]: Short "piler" [p?ilV] - verbs, not nouns, which is a problem
// A[N]: Short "bange" [b?AN@-]
// Long vowels
// A + @- OR V: Long "ae" "aer" [&:@-]
// AC + @- OR V: Long "pile" [pi:l@-]
// AC[i]: Long "smidig" [smi:Di]
// Vowel length changed by eSpeak
// Between two voiced consonants
// After [l/3]
// Before [l/3]
// After an "r" sound
// Before [N]
// Before voiced consonant + [i]
// PROCEDURES
// Change the length of SHORT vowels (?+vowel)
procedure ShortVowelLength
// "endelig", "ånder", "ynde" - Short initial vowel sounds too short TEST
IF thisPh(isWordStart) AND nextPhW(n) THEN
IF next2PhW(@-) OR next2PhW(V) THEN
IF next2PhW(isWordEnd) THEN // NOT "ondeste"
length 170
RETURN
ENDIF
ENDIF
ENDIF
// "blod" "slutte", "løn" l/3 makes the vowel too long
// NOT "mel'oner"
IF prevPhW(l/3) AND thisPh(isFirstVowel) THEN
IF thisPh(isStressed) THEN
length 100
IF nextPhW(N) THEN // [N] makes it even longer - "længden"
LengthAdd -20
ENDIF
// Don't shorten it further if it comes after an "r" sound
// Exit the procedure
RETURN
ENDIF
// "transplantation" - the second a - between 2 voiced consonants
IF nextPhW(isVoiced) AND nextPhW(isNotVowel) THEN
length 100
RETURN
ENDIF
ENDIF
// "bygge", "bygget", "byggede" - consonant + [@-] makes the vowel too long
IF NOT thisPh(?V) THEN // NOT "fjollet"
IF prevPhW(isVoiced) AND nextPhW(isVoiced) THEN
IF next2PhW(@-) THEN //AND next3PhW(D) THEN
IF thisPh(isFirstVowel) THEN // NOT "cellof'anet"
length 100
RETURN
ENDIF
ENDIF
ENDIF
ENDIF
// "byttet", "lyttet", "flyttet"
IF prevPhW(isVoiced) AND prevPhW(isNotVowel) THEN
IF nextPhW(isNotVowel) AND next2PhW(@-) AND next3PhW(D) THEN
length 100
ENDIF
ENDIF
// "firmaet", "politiet - 140 sounds too short
IF nextPhW(@-) AND next2PhW(D) AND next2PhW(isWordEnd) THEN
length 180
ENDIF
// "forsøgte" stressed second vowel too long TEST
IF thisPh(isMaxStress) AND thisPh(isSecondVowel) THEN
IF nextPhW(isVoiced) AND nextPhW(isNotVowel) THEN // NOT "papirer"
// 2 voiced consonants seem to add further length ([gd] in "forsøgte")
IF next2PhW(isVoiced) AND next2PhW(isNotVowel) THEN // NOT "moral"
length 110
RETURN
ENDIF
ENDIF
ENDIF
// "bygge", "forbandelse", "lynlås", "centralen" vowel between 2 voiced consonants - too long
IF prevPhW(isVoiced) AND nextPhW(isVoiced) THEN // voiced
IF prevPhW(isNotVowel) AND nextPhW(isNotVowel) THEN // consonants
IF NOT nextPhW(isWordEnd) THEN // NOT "smil"
IF NOT next2PhW(j) AND NOT prevPhW(R) THEN // NOT "vilje", "krympe"
IF NOT nextPhW(r) AND NOT nextPhW(3-) THEN // NOT "moderne" - vowel + r/3-
IF thisPh(isStressed) THEN // NOT [W] in "f'indelønnen"
IF thisPh(isFirstVowel) THEN
// IF NOT nextPhW(@-) THEN // NOT "væbne"
IF NOT nextPhW(isNotVowel) AND NOT next2PhW(isNotVowel) THEN // NOT "væbne"
length 110
RETURN
ENDIF
ENDIF
ENDIF
ENDIF
ENDIF
IF prevPhW(R) THEN // "krympe" R makes the vowel longer than other voiced consonants
// NOT [o] in "rod'eo", NOT [æ] in "trængte"
IF thisPh(isMaxStress) AND NOT nextPhW(N) THEN
length 90
RETURN
ENDIF
// "trængte" - [N] after the vowel makes it even longer
IF thisPh(isMaxStress) AND nextPhW(N) THEN
length 75
RETURN
ENDIF
ENDIF
ENDIF
ENDIF
ENDIF
// "buske" - only sg/sk? TEST
IF prevPhW(isNotVowel) AND nextPhW(s) AND next2PhW(isNotVowel) AND next3PhW(@-) THEN
length 100
ENDIF
// "projektet"
IF prevPhW(S) AND nextPhW(isVoiced) AND nextPhW(isNotVowel) THEN
length 100
ENDIF
// "rigtigt", "fred", "frem", "frikvarter" - R makes the vowel too long
IF prevPhW(R) OR prevPhW(3-) OR prevPhW(r) THEN
IF nextPhW(isNotVowel) THEN // NOT "krigen"
IF thisPh(isFirstVowel) THEN // NOT the a in "moral"
length 110
RETURN
ENDIF
ENDIF
// R makes the vowel too long
IF thisPh(isWordEnd) THEN // "maleri"
length 120
RETURN
ENDIF
// "forbrydelse" between 2 voiced consonants
IF nextPhW(isVoiced) AND nextPhW(isNotVowel) THEN
length 110
RETURN
ENDIF
ENDIF
// "ring", "ringe", "fængsel", "spinkel", "vindspejl", "enke"
IF nextPhW(N) THEN
length 100
ENDIF
// "sigte", "henter" t/d + @-/V makes the vowel too long
// ?? is this just between 2 voiced consonants ??
// ?? does [h] act as a voiced consonant ??
IF nextPhW(isNotVowel) AND next2PhW(t) OR next2PhW(d) THEN
IF next3PhW(@-) OR next3PhW(V) OR next3PhW(?V) THEN
IF thisPh(isFirstVowel) THEN // NOT [i] in "forsp'ildte"
length 110
RETURN
ENDIF
ENDIF
ENDIF
// "himlen", "pøblen" l/3 makes the vowel too long
IF nextPhW(isNotVowel) AND next2PhW(l/3) AND next3PhW(@-) OR next3PhW(V) THEN
length 110
ENDIF
// "filmen" vowel + l/3 makes the vowel too long
// Probably due to 2 voiced consonants (lm) - Change the condition?
IF nextPhW(l/3) AND next3PhW(@-) THEN
IF NOT next2PhW(j) THEN // NOT "vilje"
IF next2PhW(isVoiced) THEN // NOT [e] in "folkevogn"
length 100
ENDIF
ENDIF
ENDIF
//"musikken", "piggen", "trafikken" consonant + [@-] makes the vowel too long
// Probably wrong. Only k and g? Only [i]?
// Could this be due to an English word like "physique" [fIz'i:k]?
IF nextPhW(k) OR nextPhW(g)AND next2PhW(@-) THEN
IF thisPh(?i) THEN
length 100
RETURN
ENDIF
ENDIF
// "rodeo", lianen" abnormal stress sounds too short
IF thisPh(isMaxStress) AND NOT thisPh(isFirstVowel) THEN
IF NOT nextPhW(k) AND NOT nextPhW(g) THEN // NOT "ant'ikt" - Like "physique" above?
IF NOT nextPhW(N) AND NOT next2PhW(isNotVowel) THEN // NOT "omkr'ing", "eks'empel"
IF NOT nextPhW(isVoiced) AND NOT next2PhW(isVoiced) THEN // NOT "bestemme" TEST
length 170
ENDIF
ENDIF
ENDIF
ENDIF
endprocedure
//--------------------------------------------------------------------
// Change the length of NORMAL vowels (without ? in front of them)
procedure LongVowelLength
// "guldmine" [ul/3] makes the vowel extremely short
IF prevVowel(l/3) AND prev2PhW(u) THEN
length 350
RETURN
ENDIF
// "guldur" [ul/3] makes the vowel extremely short
IF prev2PhW(u) AND prevPhW(l/3) THEN
IF NOT thisPh(isWordEnd) THEN // NOT "umulig"
IF NOT nextPhW(t) AND NOT nextPhW(d) THEN // NOT "umuligt"
IF NOT nextPhW(s) AND NOT nextPhW(S) THEN // NOT Drakulas, spekulationer ???
length 325
RETURN
ENDIF
ENDIF
ENDIF
ENDIF
// "dage", "dagevis", fødselsdage" STRANGE BEHAVIOUR - too short at 240
IF prevPhW(d) AND nextPhW(@-) THEN
IF NOT next2PhW(D) THEN
length 350
RETURN
ENDIF
ENDIF
// "tjeneste" TEST
IF prevPhW(tS) AND nextPhW(isVoiced) AND nextPhW(isNotVowel) THEN
length 180
RETURN
ENDIF
// "havet", "lavet"
IF nextPhW(isVoiced) AND next2PhW(@-) AND next3PhW(D) THEN
length 180
RETURN
ENDIF
// "videre"
IF prevPhW(isVoiced) AND nextPhW(isVoiced) THEN // voiced
IF prevPhW(isNotVowel) AND nextPhW(isNotVowel) THEN // consonants
IF NOT prevPhW(R) AND NOT prevPhW(r) AND NOT prevPhW(3-) THEN
length 180
RETURN
ELSE // [A] in "begravelse" - "r" adds extra length
length 120
RETURN
ENDIF
ENDIF
ENDIF
// "alene" - Short initial vowel sounds too short at length 140
IF thisPh(isWordStart) THEN
length 160
// "år? [O] - The word is only 1 vowel: make it long
IF thisPh(isWordEnd) THEN
length 180
ENDIF
// "ønske" The vowel should have been made short becauce of 3 x consonant.
// Take care of it here
IF nextPhW(isNotVowel) AND next2PhW(isNotVowel) AND next3PhW(isNotVowel) THEN
length 140
ENDIF
// "ære"
IF nextPhW(V) AND nextPhW(isFinalVowel) THEN
length 240
ENDIF
// "øge", "øgede"
IF nextPhW(isNotVowel) AND next2PhW(@-) THEN
length 225
ENDIF
// RETURN
ENDIF
// "døre" vowel + vowel: long
IF nextPhW(@-) OR nextPhW(?V) THEN
length 225
ENDIF
// "pæne" vowel + consonant + [@-]: long
IF nextPhW(isNotVowel) AND next2PhW(@-) THEN
IF thisPh(isFirstVowel) THEN
IF prevPhW(isVoiced) AND nextPhW(isVoiced) THEN // "vide"
length 180
ELSE // "pæne"
length 225
ENDIF
RETURN
ENDIF
// Stressed second syllable in words with initial be- and for-
IF NOT thisPh(isSecondVowel) AND thisPh(isMaxStress) THEN // "beb'ude", "form'ode"
length 140
RETURN
ENDIF
ENDIF
// "vildrede"
IF nextPhW(D) AND next2PhW(@-) THEN
IF NOT thisPh(isMaxStress) THEN
length 225
RETURN
ENDIF
ENDIF
// "guderne", "møde"
IF nextPhW(isNotVowel) AND next2PhW(?V) OR next2PhW(V) OR next2PhW(@-) THEN
length 225
ENDIF
// "mødes", "vred", "møve", "mene", "dele" - vowel too long between 2 voiced consonants
IF prevPhW(isVoiced) AND nextPhW(isVoiced) THEN
IF prevPhW(isNotVowel) AND nextPhW(isNotVowel) THEN
IF NOT prevPhW(R) AND NOT prevPhW(r) AND NOT prevPhW(3-) AND NOT prevPhW(l/3) THEN
IF NOT next2PhW(isVoiced) THEN // NOT "bælte", "bomben"
length 180 // mødes, dele
RETURN
ENDIF
IF next2PhW(isNotVowel) THEN // bælte, svælge
length 120
ENDIF
ELIF NOT prevPhW(l/3) AND thisPh(isMaxStress) THEN
IF NOT prevPhW(R) AND NOT prevPhW(r) AND NOT prevPhW(3-) THEN
length 120 // "vred", "vrede"
RETURN
ENDIF
ENDIF
IF prevPhW(R) AND prevPhW(isWordStart) THEN // "råderet"
length 180
RETURN
ENDIF
ENDIF
ENDIF
// "huske" - hACC@- vowel too long
// 2 consonants - should have been short in da_rules
// 140 too long because of [h]??
IF prevPhW(h) AND nextPhW(isNotVowel) AND next2PhW(isNotVowel) AND next3PhW(@-) THEN
length 110
RETURN
ENDIF
// PB long vowel followed by [@-] or [V](vowel+vowel) - "pigen" [p'i@-n]
IF nextPhW(@-) OR nextPhW(V) THEN
IF thisPh(isFirstVowel) THEN // NOT "best'yrelse", "geb'yrer"
length 225
ENDIF
ENDIF
// "lydig"
IF prevPhW(l/3) AND nextPhW(isVoiced) AND nextPhW(isNotVowel) THEN
length 180
RETURN
ENDIF
// PB "enig", "enige", "evig", "stædig" - vowel+consolant+[i]
IF nextPhW(isNotVowel) AND next2PhW(i) THEN
length 225
RETURN
ENDIF
// "føden"
IF nextPhW(D) AND next2PhW(@-) AND next3PhW(n) THEN
IF thisPh(isFirstVowel) THEN
length 180
ENDIF
ENDIF
// l/3 + vowel makes the vowel too long
IF prevPhW(l/3) AND nextPhW(isNotVowel) THEN
// "klub", "klud", "slut"
// The vowel should have been short but we fix it here
IF NOT next2PhW(@-) AND NOT next2PhW(V) AND NOT next2PhW(?V) THEN // NOT "slæde"
length 100
ELSE
// "slæde", "lader", "forlader"
length 160
ENDIF
ENDIF
// l/3 + vowel + voiced consonant makes the vowel too long
IF prevPhW(l/3) AND nextPhW(isVoiced) AND nextPhW(isNotVowel) THEN
length 130
ENDIF
// "fryser", "rige"
IF prevPhW(r) OR prevPhW(R) OR prevPhW(3-) THEN
length 130
IF nextPhW(@-) THEN // "rige" [@-] seems to cancel the "r" effect
length 240
ENDIF
ENDIF
// "længe" - short - 2 consonants => 1 consonant (ng => [N])
// Don't use isNasal here!
IF nextPhW(N) THEN
IF NOT prevPhW(R) AND NOT prevPhW(r) AND NOT prevPhW(3-) THEN
length 140
ENDIF
ENDIF
// "buskene", "krøbling" The vowel should have been made short becauce og 2 x consonant.
// Take care of it here
IF nextPhW(isNotVowel) AND next2PhW(isNotVowel) THEN
IF NOT nextPhW(l/3) THEN
IF NOT nextPhW(r) AND NOT prevPhW(R) AND NOT prevPhW(3-) THEN // NOT "Maria"
length 110
ENDIF
ENDIF
ENDIF
endprocedure
//----------------------------------------------------------------------
// PHONEMES
// A bit longer than [@-]
phoneme @
vwl starttype #@ endtype #@
unstressed
length 60
IfNextVowelAppend(_!)
FMT(vowel/@_3)
endphoneme
phoneme @- // very short schwa
vwl starttype #@ endtype #@
unstressed nonsyllabic
ipa ə
IF nextPhW(*) OR nextPhW(r) THEN
ipa NULL // @-* is used to make 'r'
ENDIF
length 50
// "femten", "manden" - only a short "n" sound
IF nextPhW(n) THEN
length 15
ENDIF
IF prevPhW(isNotVowel) AND thisPh(isWordEnd) THEN
length 15
ENDIF
// "lige" [li@-]
IF prevPhW(i) AND thisPh(isWordEnd) THEN
length 15
ENDIF
IF nextPhW(isVowel) THEN
ChangePhoneme(@)
ENDIF
FMT(vowel/@-)
endphoneme
// ToDo: change [@] to [a#] if adjacent to [r] or [R]
phoneme 3
vwl starttype #a endtype #a
unstressed
length 40
FMT(vowel/a#_3)
endphoneme
// PB sort of schwa [ɐ] (0250+032F)
// "spurgt" [sp'o3-d] – ipa [spˈoɐ̯d]
phoneme 3- // used for 'r' after a vowel (to create a diphthong)
liquid
lengthmod 7
ipa ɐ̯
FMT(r/a_)
endphoneme
phoneme i
vwl starttype #i endtype #i
length 140
CALL LongVowelLength
FMT(vowel/i_4)
endphoneme
// PB short i
// sviret vs. svirret
phoneme ?i
vwl starttype #i endtype #i
length 140
CALL ShortVowelLength
// Don't link with the next vowel with [;] - vowel too short
// IfNextVowelAppend(;)
FMT(vowel/i_4)
endphoneme
// PB English i - Tim
phoneme I
vwl starttype #i endtype #i
length 130
IfNextVowelAppend(;)
FMT(vowel/ii_2)
endphoneme
phoneme e
vwl starttype #e endtype #e
length 140
CALL LongVowelLength
FMT(vowel/e)
endphoneme
// PB short e
// "skille" vs. "skele", "pille" vs. "pile"
phoneme ?e
vwl starttype #e endtype #e
length 140
CALL ShortVowelLength
FMT(vowel/e)
endphoneme
phoneme E
vwl starttype #e endtype #e
length 140
// no link with next vowel
IF thisPh(isWordEnd) THEN
IfNextVowelAppend(_!)
ENDIF
// "ære", "kærester", "ærefrygt" - vowel + vowel
IF nextPhW(V) THEN
length 225
ENDIF
// "dræber" TEST shortened by -70 in procedure because of the "r" sound
IF prevPhW(R) OR prevPhW(r) OR prevPhW(3-) AND next2PhW(V) THEN
length 225
ENDIF
CALL LongVowelLength
// "værelse" [v'E3-Vls@_!]
IF nextPhW(3-) AND next2PhW(V) THEN
length 100
ENDIF
FMT(vowel/e_mid2)
endphoneme
// PB short E
// "læsse" vs. "læse"
phoneme ?E
vwl starttype #e endtype #e
ipa ε
length 140
CALL ShortVowelLength
FMT(vowel/e_mid2)
endphoneme
phoneme &
vwl starttype #e endtype #e
ipa a
length 140
// "same", "sale", "bade" - consonant + @-: long
// but NOT "hinanden"
IF nextPhW(isNotVowel) AND next2PhW(@-) OR next2PhW(@) THEN
IF NOT next3PhW(n) THEN
length 225
ENDIF
ENDIF
// ThisPh + V or @-
// "ae", "aer" vowel + vowel: extra length
IF nextPhW(@-) OR nextPhW(V) THEN
length 260
ENDIF
CALL LongVowelLength
FMT(vowel/ee_2)
endphoneme
// Short &
// e.g. the last a in "staldkarl"
// "sale" vs. "sal"
phoneme ?&
ipa a
vwl starttype #e endtype #e
length 140
CALL ShortVowelLength
FMT(vowel/ee_2)
endphoneme
// Added for the æ in "dræbt"
phoneme &#
vwl starttype #e endtype #e
length 140
ipa a
CALL LongVowelLength
FMT(vowel/&)
endphoneme
// PB short &#
// "revl" vs. "tremme"
phoneme ?&#
vwl starttype #e endtype #e
ipa ?a
length 140
CALL ShortVowelLength
FMT(vowel/&)
endphoneme
phoneme A // PB changed to a_8
vwl starttype #a endtype #a
ipa ɑ
length 140
CALL LongVowelLength
// "fare" [f'A:A]
IF nextPhW(A) THEN
length 225
ENDIF
FMT(vowel/a_8)
endphoneme
// Short A
// "krabbe" vs. "drabelig"
phoneme ?A
vwl starttype #a endtype #a
ipa ?ɑ
length 140
CALL ShortVowelLength
FMT(vowel/a_8)
endphoneme
phoneme u
vwl starttype #u endtype #u
length 140
// "suge", "uge", "bluse", "julegave"
IF nextPhW(@-) OR nextPhW(V) OR next2PhW(@-) OR next2PhW(V)THEN
length 225
ENDIF
IF NOT thisPh(isWordStart) THEN // NOT "undøvendig"
CALL LongVowelLength
ENDIF
FMT(vowel/u_bck)
endphoneme
// Short u
// "tude" vs. "tuden" - [tuD3] [t?uD@n]
phoneme ?u
vwl starttype #u endtype #u
length 140
CALL ShortVowelLength
FMT(vowel/u_bck)
endphoneme
phoneme o
vwl starttype #o endtype #o
length 140
// "kone", "koner" o + consonant + V or @-
IF next2PhW(V) OR next2PhW(@-) THEN
length 225
ENDIF
CALL LongVowelLength
FMT(vowel/o_2)
endphoneme
// PB Short o
// "patron" vs. "kone"
phoneme ?o
vwl starttype #o endtype #o
length 140
CALL ShortVowelLength
FMT(vowel/o_2)
endphoneme
phoneme O
vwl starttype #o endtype #o
length 140
ipa ɒ // changed from ɔ - Den Danske Ordbog: ɒ
// "såre", "sårede" [s'O:?OD@-]
IF nextPhW(O) OR nextPhW(?O) THEN
length 225
ENDIF
CALL LongVowelLength
FMT(vowel/o_5)
endphoneme
// Short O
// "toget" vs. "tåget"
phoneme ?O
vwl starttype #o endtype #o
ipa ɒ // changed from ɔ - Den Danske Ordbog: ɒ
length 140
CALL ShortVowelLength
FMT(vowel/o_5)
endphoneme
phoneme V
vwl starttype #@ endtype #@
length 140
CALL LongVowelLength
FMT(vowel/V_4)
endphoneme
// PB Short V
// "forstår" vs. "kåre"
phoneme ?V
vwl starttype #@ endtype #@
length 140
CALL ShortVowelLength
FMT(vowel/V_4)
endphoneme
phoneme 0
vwl starttype #o endtype #o
length 140
ipa ɔ
CALL LongVowelLength
FMT(vowel/oo_2)
endphoneme
// Short 0 "sukker", "provst"
phoneme ?0
vwl starttype #o endtype #o
length 140
ipa ɔ
CALL ShortVowelLength
FMT(vowel/oo_2)
endphoneme
phoneme y
vwl starttype #i endtype #i
length 140
CALL LongVowelLength
FMT(vowel/y)
endphoneme
// PB Short y
// "kylling" vs. "kyle", "krybbe" vs. "krybe"
phoneme ?y
vwl starttype #i endtype #i
length 140
CALL ShortVowelLength
FMT(vowel/y)
endphoneme
phoneme Y
vwl starttype #i endtype #i
length 140
IF nextPhW(V) OR nextPhW(@-) THEN
length 225
ENDIF
CALL LongVowelLength
FMT(vowel/yy)
endphoneme
phoneme W
vwl starttype #@ endtype #@
length 140
CALL LongVowelLength
FMT(vowel/oe)
endphoneme
// Short W
// "prøv" vs. "prøve"
phoneme ?W
vwl starttype #@ endtype #@
length 140
CALL ShortVowelLength
FMT(vowel/oe)
endphoneme
// Added for the ø in "røv", "røg", "øje" instead of [V3]
phoneme W#
vwl starttype #@ endtype #@
length 140
CALL LongVowelLength
FMT(vowel/V)
endphoneme
// Short W#
// "rømme"
phoneme ?W#
vwl starttype #@ endtype #@
length 140
CALL ShortVowelLength
FMT(vowel/V)
endphoneme
phoneme aI
vwl starttype #a endtype #i
length 300
IF NOT next2Ph(3) AND NOT next2Ph(V) AND NOT next2Ph(@-) AND nextPhW(isNotVowel) THEN
glstop
length 225
ENDIF
// "dreje" [dR'aI@-_!]
IF nextPhW(3) OR nextPhW(V) OR nextPhW(@) OR nextPhW(@-) THEN
length 280
ENDIF
// PB "drej" vs. "dreje"
IF thisPh(isWordEnd) THEN
length 140
ENDIF
// "lejde" [l'aId@-_!], "lejder" [l'aIdV_!]
IF nextPhW(isNotVowel) AND next2PhW(@-) OR next2PhW(V) THEN
length 190
ENDIF
FMT(vdiph/ai)
endphoneme
// CONSONANTS
// PB added l/3
phoneme l
liquid
lengthmod 7
// [ll] => [-l] - avoid double l
IF nextPhW(l) THEN
// ChangePhoneme(NULL)
ENDIF
ChangePhoneme(l/3)
// CALL base/l
endphoneme
phoneme l/3 // Replacement for [l/]
liquid
lengthmod 7
length 80
FMT(l/l_)
endphoneme
phoneme v // approximant, not fricative
import_phoneme base/v#
voicingswitch f
endphoneme
// PB Actually a kind of schwa = [ɐ]? - "byder" [bˈyðɐʌ]
phoneme r // used for 'r' after a vowel (to create a diphthong)
liquid
lengthmod 7
ipa ɐ̯
IF nextPhW(isVowel) AND NOT nextPhW(?V) AND NOT nextPhW(V) AND NOT nextPhW(@-) THEN
ChangePhoneme(R)
ENDIF
// "generer" [Sen'e:Vr], "mysterier" - delete the r
IF prevPhW(V) OR prevPhW(?V) AND thisPh(isWordEnd) THEN
ChangePhoneme(_!)
ENDIF
// "plamagers" [pl&m'&SVrs] - delete the r
IF prevPhW(V) OR prevPhW(?V) AND nextPhW(s) AND nextPhW(isWordEnd) THEN
ChangePhoneme(NULL)
ENDIF
// "plamagerne" [pl&m'&SVrn@-] - delete the r
IF prevPhW(V) OR prevPhW(?V) AND nextPhW(n) AND next2PhW(@-) THEN
ChangePhoneme(NULL)
ENDIF
// "kreaturer" [kR,?E?&t'ur?V] - delete the r
// Previous vowel stressed by $alt rule
IF nextPhW(V) OR nextPhW(?V) AND nextPh(isWordEnd) THEN
IF prevPhW(isMaxStress) THEN
ChangePhoneme(NULL)
ENDIF
ENDIF
FMT(r/a_)
endphoneme
phoneme R
lengthmod 6
liquid
ipa ʁ
FMT(r/aa)
endphoneme
// don't weaken consonants at end of word or before a stop
phoneme s
vls alv frc sibilant
voicingswitch z
lengthmod 3
Vowelin f1=0 f2=1700 -300 300 f3=-100 80
Vowelout f1=0 f2=1700 -300 250 f3=-100 80 rms=20
IF nextPh(p) OR nextPh(t) OR nextPh(k) THEN
WAV(ufric/s!)
ENDIF
WAV(ufric/s)
endphoneme
phoneme p
vls blb stp
voicingswitch b
lengthmod 7
Vowelin f1=0 f2=1000 -50 -100 f3=-200 80 amp=11
Vowelout f1=0 f2=1000 -500 -350 f3=-300 80 rms=22
IF nextPh(isPause2) THEN
WAV(ustop/p_unasp)
ELIF nextPh(r) THEN
WAV(ustop/pr, 70)
ELIF nextPh(R) OR nextPh(R2) THEN
WAV(ustop/pr)
ELIF nextPh(@-) THEN
WAV(ustop/p_unasp)
ELIF nextPh(l) THEN
WAV(ustop/pl)
ENDIF
WAV(ustop/p)
endphoneme
phoneme t
vls alv stp
voicingswitch d
lengthmod 7
Vowelin f1=0 f2=1700 -300 300 f3=-100 80
Vowelout f1=0 f2=1700 -300 250 f3=-100 80 rms=20
IF nextPh(r) OR nextPh(R) OR nextPh(R2) THEN
WAV(ustop/tr)
ENDIF
// "respekt" [REsp'Egd]
IF thisPh(isWordEnd) THEN
// ChangePhoneme(d)
ENDIF
WAV(ustop/t, 90)
endphoneme
phoneme j
liquid palatal
lengthmod 7
// no link with next vowel
IF thisPh(isWordEnd) THEN
IfNextVowelAppend(_!)
ENDIF
IF nextPhW(isVowel) THEN
NextVowelStarts
VowelStart(j/j@) // jøderne
VowelStart(j/ja)
VowelStart(j/je)
VowelStart(j/ji)
VowelStart(j/jo) // "kjole"
VowelStart(j/ju)
EndSwitch
Vowelout len=70
VowelEnding(j/xj, -30)
IF prevPh(isPause) THEN
FMT(j/_j)
ENDIF
ELSE
// no vowel follows
Vowelout len=70
FMT(j/j_)
ENDIF
endphoneme
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