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espeak-ng/phsource/ph_hindi_base
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//====================================================
// Base for Hindi and other Indian languages
//====================================================
phoneme : // Lengthen the previous vowel by "length"
virtual
length 100
endphoneme
phoneme @
vowel flag1 starttype #@ endtype #@
length 130
ChangeIfDiminished(@-)
IF nextPh(H) OR prevPh(H) THEN
FMT(vowel/@_low)
ENDIF
IF nextPh(j) THEN
FMT(vowel/V_3)
ENDIF
FMT(vowel/@_bck)
endphoneme
phoneme V
vowel flag1 starttype #@ endtype #@
length 140
IF thisPh(isWordStart) THEN
FMT(vowel/V_3)
RETURN
ENDIF
IF thisPh(isNotStressed) THEN
length 130
IF thisPh(isWordEnd) AND NOT thisPh(isFirstVowel) THEN
ChangePhoneme(NULL)
ENDIF
IF prevPh(H) THEN
ChangePhoneme(@)
ENDIF
IF prev2PhW(isVowel) AND NOT nextVowel(isFlag1) THEN
IF thisPh(isFinalVowel) AND nextPhW(isNotVowel) THEN
// don't delete schwa before a word-final consonant
ELSE
ChangePhoneme(NULL)
ENDIF
ENDIF
IF prevPh(isPalatal) AND NOT nextPh(H) THEN
ChangePhoneme(@3)
ELSEIF prevPh(r) THEN
ChangePhoneme(@2)
ELSE
ChangePhoneme(@)
ENDIF
ENDIF
IF nextPh(H) OR prevPh(H) THEN
FMT(vowel/@_low)
ENDIF
IF prevPh(w) THEN
FMT(vowel/V_4)
ENDIF
FMT(vowel/V_3)
endphoneme
phoneme @2
vowel flag1 starttype #@ endtype #@
length 130
FMT(vowel/@_low)
endphoneme
phoneme @3
vowel flag1 starttype #@ endtype #@
length 130
ChangeIfDiminished(@-)
FMT(vowel/@_3)
endphoneme
phoneme i:
vowel long starttype #i endtype #i
length 230
IF thisPh(isUnstressed) THEN
ChangePhoneme(i)
ENDIF
IfNextVowelAppend(;)
FMT(vowel/i_fnt)
endphoneme
phoneme i // as [i:] but not marked as 'long'
vowel starttype #i endtype #i
length 230
IfNextVowelAppend(;)
FMT(vowel/ii_6)
endphoneme
phoneme I
vowel starttype #i endtype #i
length 100
IfNextVowelAppend(;)
FMT(vowel/ii_3)
endphoneme
phoneme e:
vowel long starttype #e endtype #e
length 220
FMT(vowel/e_2)
endphoneme
phoneme e
vowel starttype #e endtype #e
length 140
FMT(vowel/e_2)
endphoneme
phoneme E:
vowel long starttype #e endtype #e
length 220
FMT(vdiph/ee-e)
endphoneme
phoneme E
vowel starttype #e endtype #e
length 140
FMT(vowel/e_mid)
endphoneme
phoneme &:
vowel long starttype #a endtype #a
length 220
FMT(vowel/&)
endphoneme
phoneme a:
vowel long starttype #a endtype #a
length 200
IF nextPhW(j) THEN
FMT(vowel/a_5)
ENDIF
FMT(vowel/aa_9)
endphoneme
phoneme a
vowel long starttype #a endtype #a
length 140
FMT(vowel/a#_3)
endphoneme
phoneme o:
vowel long starttype #o endtype #o
length 227
FMT(vowel/o_2)
endphoneme
phoneme o
vowel starttype #o endtype #o
length 140
FMT(vowel/o)
endphoneme
phoneme O:
vowel long starttype #o endtype #o
length 210
FMT(vowel/oo_4)
endphoneme
phoneme O
vowel starttype #o endtype #o
length 140
FMT(vowel/0)
endphoneme
phoneme U
vowel starttype #u endtype #u
length 140
FMT(vowel/uu_bck)
endphoneme
phoneme u:
vowel long starttype #u endtype #u
length 230
FMT(vowel/u_bck)
endphoneme
// Nasal vowels
//=============
phoneme i~
vowel long starttype #i endtype #i
length 220
FMT(vnasal/i_n2)
endphoneme
phoneme I~
vowel long starttype #i endtype #i
length 170
FMT(vnasal/ii_n)
endphoneme
phoneme e~
vowel long starttype #e endtype #e
length 220
FMT(vnasal/e_n)
endphoneme
phoneme E~
vowel long starttype #e endtype #e
length 220
FMT(vnasal/ee_n2)
endphoneme
phoneme a~
vowel long starttype #a endtype #a
length 240
FMT(vnasal/a_n)
endphoneme
phoneme V~
vowel long starttype #@ endtype #@
length 220
FMT(vnasal/V_n)
endphoneme
phoneme O~
vowel long starttype #o endtype #o
length 220
FMT(vnasal/oo_n2)
endphoneme
phoneme o~
vowel long starttype #o endtype #o
length 220
FMT(vnasal/o_n)
endphoneme
phoneme U~
vowel starttype #u endtype #u
length 170
FMT(vnasal/u_n)
endphoneme
phoneme u~
vowel long starttype #u endtype #u
length 220
FMT(vnasal/u_n)
endphoneme
// Diphthongs
//===========
phoneme aI
vowel long starttype #@ endtype #i
length 240
long
FMT(vdiph/&i)
endphoneme
phoneme aU
vowel long starttype #a endtype #u
length 240
long
FMT(vdiph/aau_3)
endphoneme
// CONSONANTS
//===========
phoneme v // approximant, not fricative
import_phoneme base/v#
voicingswitch f
endphoneme
phoneme H // use for full "h"
import_phoneme base/h
endphoneme
// bilabial plosives
//==================
phoneme p
import_phoneme consonants/p-
endphoneme
phoneme p#
import_phoneme consonants/ph
endphoneme
phoneme b // this is [b]
import_phoneme base/b
endphoneme
phoneme b#
vcd blb stop
lengthmod 5
voicingswitch p#
Vowelin f1=0 f2=1000 -50 -100 f3=-200 80
Vowelout f1=0 f2=1000 -500 -350 f3=-300 80 rms=30
IF PreVoicing THEN
FMT(b/xb)
ENDIF
FMT( b/b@2) addWav(ustop/p_asp, 70)
endphoneme
// dental plosives
//==================
phoneme t // dental variant of /t/
import_phoneme base/t[
voicingswitch d
endphoneme
phoneme t# // dental variant of /t/
vls dnt stop
lengthmod 2
voicingswitch d
Vowelin f1=0 f2=1500 -300 300 f3=-100 80 amp=16
Vowelout f1=0 f2=1500 -300 250 f3=-100 80 rms=20
IF nextPh(isPause2) THEN
WAV(ustop/t_dnt, 35)
ENDIF
WAV(ustop/t_dnt, 50)
endphoneme
phoneme d // dental variant of /d/
import_phoneme base/d[
voicingswitch t
endphoneme
phoneme d#
vcd dnt stop
lengthmod 5
voicingswitch t#
Vowelin f1=0 f2=1500 -300 300 f3=-100 80
Vowelout f1=0 f2=1500 -300 250 f3=-100 80 rms=20
IF PreVoicing THEN
FMT(d/xd)
ENDIF
FMT(d/xd3) addWav(ustop/t_dnt, 40)
endphoneme
// retroflex plosives
//===================
phoneme t.
vls rfx stop
lengthmod 2
ipa ʈ
voicingswitch d.
Vowelin f1=0 f2=1800 -300 300 f3=-400 80
Vowelout f1=0 f2=1800 -300 250 f3=-400 80 rms=20 colr=2
WAV(ustop/t_short)
endphoneme
phoneme t.#
vls rfx stop
lengthmod 2
ipa ʈU+02B0
voicingswitch d.#
Vowelin f1=0 f2=1800 -300 300 f3=-200 80
Vowelout f1=0 f2=1800 -300 250 f3=-400 80 rms=20 colr=2
IF nextPhW(t.#) THEN
ChangePhoneme(t.)
ENDIF
WAV(ustop/th_rfx2, 80)
endphoneme
phoneme d.
vcd rfx stop
lengthmod 5
voicingswitch t.
ipa ɖ
Vowelin f1=1 f2=1800 -300 300 f3=-400 80
Vowelout f1=1 f2=1800 -300 300 f3=-400 80 colr=2
IF PreVoicing THEN
FMT(d/xdr)
ENDIF
IF nextPh(isPause2) THEN
FMT(d/d_) addWav(x/d_)
ENDIF
FMT(d/dr) addWav(x/d)
endphoneme
phoneme d.#
vcd rfx stop
lengthmod 5
ipa ɖU+02B0
voicingswitch t.#
Vowelin f1=1 f2=1800 -300 300 f3=-400 80
Vowelout f1=1 f2=1800 -300 300 f3=-400 80 colr=2
IF PreVoicing THEN
FMT(d/xdr)
ENDIF
FMT(d/dr) addWav(ustop/t)
// FMT(d/dr) addWav(ustop/th_rfx)
endphoneme
// palatal plosives
//=================
// also try [tS] and [dZ]
phoneme c
vls pla afr sibilant
voicingswitch dZ
lengthmod 2
Vowelin f1=0 f2=2300 200 400 f3=-100 80
IF nextPh(isPause2) THEN
WAV(ustop/tsh_)
ENDIF
WAV(ustop/tsh_unasp)
endphoneme
phoneme c#
CALL base/tS;
ipa cU+02B0
endphoneme
phoneme J
import_phoneme base/J
endphoneme
phoneme J#
vcd pal afr sibilant
lengthmod 5
voicingswitch c#
Vowelin f1=0 f2=2700 400 600 f3=300 80 rate len=70
Vowelout f1=0 f2=2700 400 600 f3=300 80 colr=1
IF PreVoicing THEN
FMT(dzh/xdz_pzd)
ENDIF
FMT(dzh/xdz_pzd) addWav(ustop/ts_pzd)
endphoneme
// velar plosives
//==================
phoneme k
import_phoneme consonants/k-
voicingswitch g
endphoneme
phoneme k#
import_phoneme consonants/k#
voicingswitch g#
endphoneme
phoneme g
import_phoneme base/g
voicingswitch k
endphoneme
phoneme g#
vcd dnt stop
lengthmod 5
voicingswitch k#
Vowelin f1=1 f2=2300 200 300 f3=-150 80 rms=20
Vowelout f1=0 f2=2300 300 400 f3=-150 80 rms=20
IF PreVoicing THEN
FMT(g2/xg)
ENDIF
IF nextPh(isPause2) THEN
FMT(g2/xg) addWav(ustop/k_asp, 35)
ENDIF
FMT(g2/xg) addWav(ustop/k_asp, 50)
endphoneme
//================
phoneme #X2 // click, use for indicating combining long vowels
vls alv frc sibilant
lengthmod 3
WAV(ustop/percus02, 60)
endphoneme
phoneme r
liquid rhotic
lengthmod 3
IF thisPh(isWordEnd) THEN
CALL base/r/
ELSE
IF prevPhW(isVowel) THEN
IF nextPhW(isNotVowel) THEN
IF nextPhW(isUStop) OR nextPhW(isVStop) THEN
ChangePhoneme(*)
ENDIF
ENDIF
IF nextPhW(V) THEN // [V] may be removed by ChangePhoneme(NULL)
IF next2PhW(isUStop) OR next2PhW(isVStop) THEN
ChangePhoneme(*)
ENDIF
ELSE
IF nextPhW(isVowel) THEN
ChangePhoneme(*)
ENDIF
ENDIF
ENDIF
CALL base/r
ENDIF
ipa ɾ
endphoneme
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