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Add stress_rule=4, altepenultimate stress. Change license to GPL version 3. git-svn-id: https://espeak.svn.sourceforge.net/svnroot/espeak/trunk@56 d46cf337-b52f-0410-862d-fd96e6ae7743
245 lines
11 KiB
HTML
245 lines
11 KiB
HTML
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
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<title>eSpeak: Voice Files</title>
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<meta name="GENERATOR" content="Quanta Plus">
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<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
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<A href="index.html">Back</A>
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<hr>
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<h2>5. VOICES</h2>
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<hr>
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<h3>5.1 Voice Files</h3>
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A Voice file specifies a language (and possibly a language variant or dialect) together with various attributes that affect the characteristics of the voice quality and how the language is spoken.<p>
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Voice files are placed in the <code>espeak-data/voices</code> directory, or within subdirectories in there.<p>
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The available voice files can be listed by:<pre>
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espeak --voices
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or
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espeak --voices=<language></pre>
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<hr>
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<h3>5.2 Contents of Voice Files</h3>
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The <strong>language</strong> attribute is mandatory. All the other attributes are optional.
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<p>
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<h4>Identification Attributes</h4>
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<ul>
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<dl>
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<dt>
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<strong>name <name></strong><br>
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<dd>A name given to this voice.
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<p>
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<dt>
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<strong>language <language code> [<priority>]</strong><br>
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<dd>This attribute should appear before the other attributes which are listed below.<p>
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It selectes the default behaviour and characteristics for the language, and sets default values for
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"phonemes", "dictionary" and other attributes. The <language code> should be a two-letter ISO 639-1 language code. One or more language variant codes may be appended, separated by hyphens. (eg. en-uk-north).<p>
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The optional <priority> value gives the preference of this voice compared with others for the specified language. A low value indicates a more preferred voice. The default value is 5.<p>
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More than one <strong>language</strong> line may be present. A voice may be selected for other related languages (variants which have the same initial 2 letter language code as the specified language), but it will be less preferred for these. Different language variants may be specified by additional <strong>language</strong> lines in order to indicate that this is a preferred voice for them also. Eg.<pre>
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language en-uk-north
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language en</pre>
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indicates that this is voice is for the "en-uk-north" dialect, but it is also a main choice when a general "en" language is specified. Without the second <strong>language</strong> line, it would be disfavoured for "en" for being a more specialised voice.
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<p>
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<dt>
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<strong>gender <gender> [<age>]</strong><br>
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<ul><gender> may be male, female, or unknown.<br>
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<age> is optional and gives an age in years.
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</dl>
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</ul>
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<h4>Voice Attributes</h4>
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<ul>
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<dl>
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<dt>
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<strong>pitch <base> <range></strong><br>
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<dd> Two integer values.
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The first gives a base pitch to the voice (value in Hz)
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The second controls the range of pitches used by the voice. Setting
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it equal to the base pitch will give a monotone. The default values are 82 118.
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<p>
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<dt>
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<strong>formant <number> <frequency> <strength> <width></strong><br>
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<dd> Systematically adjusts the frequency, strength, and width of the
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resonance peaks of the voice. Values are percentages of the
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default values. Changing these affects the tone/quality of the voice.
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<ul>
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<li>Formants 1,2,3 are the standard three formants which define vowels.</li>
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<li>Formant 0 is used to give a low frequency component to the sounds, of
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frequency lower than F1.</li>
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<li>Formants 4,5 are higher than F3. They affect the quality of the voice.</li>
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<li>Formants 6,7,8 are weak, high frequency, additions to vowels to give
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a clearer sound.</li>
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</ul>
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<p>
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<dt>
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<strong>echo <delay> <amplitude></strong><br>
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<dd> Parameter 1 gives the delay in mS (0 to 250mS).<br>
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Parameter 2 gives the echo amplitude (0 to 100).<br>
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Adding some echo can give a clearer or more interesting sound,
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especially when listening through a domestic stereo sound system,
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rather than small computer speakers.
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<dt>
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<strong>tone</strong><br>
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<dd> Controls the tone of the sound.<br>
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<strong>tone</strong> is followed by up to 4 pairs of <frequency> <amplitude> which define a frequency response graph. Frequency is
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in Hz and amplitude is in the range 0 to 255. The default is:<p>
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<code> tone 600 170 1200 135 2000 110</code><p>
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This means that from frequency 0Hz to 600Hz the amplitude is 170. From
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600Hz to 1200Hz the amplitude decreases from 170 to 135, then decreases to 110 at 2000Hz
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and remains at 110 at higher frequencies. This adjustment applies only to voiced sounds such as
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vowels and sonorant consonants (such as [n] and [l]). Unvoiced sounds such
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as [s] are unaffected.<p>
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This <strong>tone</strong> statement can also appear in <code>espeak-data/config</code>, in which case it applies to all voices which
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don't have their own <strong>tone</strong> statement.
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<p>
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<dt>
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<strong>flutter <value></strong><br>
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<dd> Default value: 2.<br>
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Adds pitch fluctuations to give a wavering or older-sounding voice.
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A large value (eg. 20) makes the voice sound "croaky".
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<p>
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<dt>
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<strong>roughness <value></strong><br>
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<dd> Default value: 2. Range 0 - 7<br>
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Reduces the amplitude of alternate waveform cycles in order to make the voice sound creaky.
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<p>
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<dt>
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<strong>voicing <value></strong><br>
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<dd> Default value: 100.<br>
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Adjusts the strength of formant-synthesized sounds (vowels and sonorant consonants).
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<p>
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<dt>
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<strong>breath <up to 8 integer values></strong><br>
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<dd> Default values: 0.<br>
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Adds noise which corresponds to the formant frequency peaks. The values give the strength
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of noise for each formant peak (formants 1 to 8).
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<p>
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Use together with a low or zero value of the <strong>voicing</strong> attribute to make a "wisper".
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For example:<br>
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<code>breath 75 75 60 40 15 10<br>
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breathw 150 150 200 200 400 400<br>
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voicing 18<br>
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flutter 20<br>
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formant 0 100 0 100 // remove formant 0
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</code>
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<p>
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<dt>
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<strong>breathw <up to 8 integer values></strong><br>
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<dd>
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These values give bandwidths of the noise peaks of the <strong>breath</strong> attribute. If <strong>breathw</strong> values are not given, then suitable default values will be used.
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<p>
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</dl>
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</ul>
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<h4>Language Attributes</h4>
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<ul>
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<dl>
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<p>
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<dt>
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<strong>phonemes <name></strong><br>
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<dd>Specifies which set of phonemes to use from those contained in the
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phontab, phonindex, and phondata data files.
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This is a <strong>phonemetable</strong> name as given in the "phoneme" source file.
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<p>
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This parameter is usually not needed as it is set by default to the first two letters of the "language" parameter.
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However, different voices of the same language can use different phoneme sets, to give different accents.
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</dd>
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<dt>
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<strong>dictionary <name></strong><br>
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<dd> Specifies which pair of dictionary files to use. eg. "english"
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indicates that <em>speak-data/en_dict</em> should
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be used to translate from words to phonemes. This parameter is usually
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not needed as it is set by default to the first two letters of "language" parameter.</dd>
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<p>
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<dt>
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<strong>dictrules <list of rule numbers></strong><br>
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<dd>
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Gives a list of conditional dictionary rules which are applied for this voice. Rule numbers are in the range 0 to 31 and are specific to a language. They can apply to rules in the langauge's <b>_rules</b> dictionary file and also its <b>_list</b> exceptions list.
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See <a href="dictionary.html">dictionary.html</a>.
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</dd>
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<p>
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<dt>
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<strong>replace <flags> <phoneme> <replacement phoneme></strong><br>
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<dd> Replace a phoneme by another whenever it occurs.<p>
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<replacement phoneme> may be NULL.<p>
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Flags: bit 0: replacement only occurs on the final phoneme of a word.<br>
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Flags: bit 1: replacement doesn't occur in stressed syllables.<br>
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eg.
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<pre>
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replace 0 h NULL // drops h's
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replace 0 V U // replaces vowel in 'strut' by that in 'foot'
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// as occurs in northern British English
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replace 3 N n // change 'fishing' to 'fishin' etc.
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// (only the last phoneme of a word, only in unstressed syllables)
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</pre>
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The phoneme mnemonics can be defined for each language, but some are listed in <A href="phonemes.html">phonemes.html</A>
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</dd>
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<p>
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<dt>
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<strong>stressLength <8 integer values></strong><br>
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<dd> Eight integer parameters. These control the relative lengths of the vowels in
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stressed and unstressed syllables.
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<ul>
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<li> 0 unstressed
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</li><li> 1 diminished. Its use depends on the language. In English it's used for unstressed syllables within multisyllabic words. In Spanish it's used for unstressed final syllables.
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</li><li> 2 secondary stress
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</li><li> 3 words marked as "unstressed" in the dictionary
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</li><li> 4 not currently used
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</li><li> 5 not currently used
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</li><li> 6 stressed syllable (the main syllable in stressed words)
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</li><li> 7 tonic syllable (by default, the last stressed syllable in the clause)
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</li></ul>
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</dd>
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<p>
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<dt>
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<strong>stressAdd <8 integer values></strong><br>
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<dd> Eight integer parameters. These are added to the voice's corresponding stressLength values. They are used in the voice variant files in <code>espeak-data/voices/!v</code> to give some variety. Negative values may be used.</dd>
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<p>
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<dt>
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<strong>stressAmp <8 integer values></strong><br>
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<dd> Eight integer parameters. These control the relative amplitudes of the vowels in
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stressed and unstressed syllables (see stressLength above).
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The general default values are: 16, 16, 20, 20, 20, 24, 24, 22, although these defaults may be different for particular languages.</dd>
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<p>
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<dt>
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<strong>intonation <param1> <param2></strong><br>
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<dd> (for further development)<br>
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</dd>
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<p>
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<dt>
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<strong>charset <param1></strong><br>
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<dd>
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The ISO 8859 character set number. (not all are implemented).
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</dd>
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<p>
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Additional attributes are available to set various internal options which control how language is processed. These would normally be set in the program code rather than in a voice file.
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<p>
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<dt>
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<strong>stressrule <param1> <param2> <param3> <param4></strong><br>
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<dd>
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Controls how different stress levels are applied to the syllables of a word.
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</dd>
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</ul>
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<hr>
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<h3>5.3 Voice Files Provided</h3>
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A number of Voice files are provided in the <code>espeak-data/voices</code> directory.
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You can select one of these with the <strong>-v <voice filename></strong> parameter to the
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speak command.
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<p>
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<dl>
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<dt>
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<strong>default</strong><br>
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<dd> This voice is used if none is specified in the speak command. Copy your preferred voice to "default" so you can use the speak command without the need to specify a voice.</dd>
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</dl>
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For a list of voices provided for English and other languages see <a href="languages.html">Languages</a>.
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</body>
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</html>
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