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Lucas Werkmeister
4ed36b07ec
⟨e⟩ almost certainly always represents [ɛ], not [e]. Appendix E of The Lord of the Rings describes it as the sound in English “were”, and I’m not aware of any English dialect that pronounces “were” with an [e]. In Quenya, long ⟨é⟩ (and, presumably, ⟨ê⟩) is, according to Appendix E, “tenser and ‘closer’”, which I assume means [e]. Several online sources agree with this as well. In Sindarin, Appendix E is quite clear that ⟨é⟩ has “the same quality” as ⟨e⟩, only differring from it in length: I assume this must mean that ⟨é⟩ is [ɛː] in Sindarin. The online information on this is confusing and sometimes contradictory even within the same page; several sources claim that Sindarin has an [eː], but I have not seen this claim substantiated with a source from Tolkien, and I suspect it’s simply a confusion with Quenya. It scarcely matters, anyway: Sindarin words with ⟨é⟩ or ⟨ê⟩ seem to be pretty rare. (I’m aware of a single word with an ⟨é⟩ – the name Eluréd, son of Dior – and the Omikhleia Sindarin dictionary [1] features some words with ⟨ê⟩, giving their pronunciation with [ɛː].) The [[EI]] phoneme for Sindarin ⟨ei⟩ is copied from the base2 phonemes. [1]: https://www.jrrvf.com/hisweloke/sindar/index.html
169 lines
1.9 KiB
Plaintext
169 lines
1.9 KiB
Plaintext
// syllable nuclei: vowels (any length) and diphthongs
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.L01 i e a o u í é á ó ú î ê â ô û ui oi ai iu eu au
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// front vowels (finally): after these, ht is [çt]
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.L02 i e í é î ê ui oi ai
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// back vowels (finally): after these, ht is [xt]
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.L03 a o u á ó ú â ô û iu eu au
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.replace
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// turn x into cs, both because that’s how it’s pronounced
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// and to free up x as a single letter for ch (see immediately below)
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x cs
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// turn ch, dh, th into single consonants for stress purposes
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ch x
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dh ð
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th þ
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.group a
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a a
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ai (+ aI
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au (+ aU
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// light penultimate syllable: put stress on antepenultimate
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a (L01X =a
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a (CL01X =a
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.group á
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á a:
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.group â
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â a::
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.group b
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b b
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.group c
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c k
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// recall that ch was replaced with x earlier
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.group x
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x X
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.group d
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d d
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// recall that dh was replaced with ð earlier
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.group ð
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ð D
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.group e
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e E
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eu (+ EU
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// light penultimate syllable: put stress on antepenultimate
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e (L01X =E
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e (CL01X =E
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.group é
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é e:
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.group ê
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ê e::
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.group f
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f f
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f (_ v
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.group g
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g g
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.group h
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h h
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L02) ht Ct
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L03) ht xt
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hl l#
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hr hR
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hw w#
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hy C
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.group i
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i I
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iu (+ iu
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// light penultimate syllable: put stress on antepenultimate
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i (L01X =I
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i (CL01X =I
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.group í
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í i:
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.group î
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î i::
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// j and k do not occur in Quenya
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.group l
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l l
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.group m
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m m
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.group n
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n n
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.group ng
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ng Ng
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ng (_ N
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.group o
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o o
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oi (+ OI
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// light penultimate syllable: put stress on antepenultimate
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o (L01X =o
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o (CL01X =o
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.group ó
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ó o:
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.group ô
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ô o::
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.group p
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p p
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.group ph
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ph f
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A) ph (A f:
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.group qu
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qu kw
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.group r
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r R
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.group s
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s s
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.group t
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t t
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// recall that th was replaced with þ earlier
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.group þ
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þ T
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.group ty
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ty tj
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.group u
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u u
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ui (+ uI
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// light penultimate syllable: put stress on antepenultimate
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u (L01X =u
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u (CL01X =u
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.group ú
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ú u:
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.group û
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û u::
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.group v
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v v
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.group w
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w w
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// recall that x was replaced with cs earlier
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.group y
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y j
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// z does not occur in Quenya
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