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espeak-ng/phsource/ph_vietnam
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//====================================================
// Vietnamese Phonemes
//====================================================
phoneme 1 // ngang tone: level
stress
Tone(30, 28, envelope/p_level, NULL) // 28 29
endphoneme
phoneme 2 // huyền tone: low falling
stress
Tone(20, 8, envelope/p_fall, NULL) //20 8
endphoneme
phoneme 3 // sắc Tone(rising
stress
Tone(20, 50, envelope/p_rise, NULL) // 30 60
endphoneme
phoneme 4 // hỏi Tone(curve (dipping rising)
stress
Tone(10, 31, envelope/p_fallrise, NULL) //33 31
endphoneme
phoneme 5 // ngã tone: broken (creaking rising)
stress
Tone(34, 60,envelope/p_214, envelope/vi_5amp) // 28,58 20 80
endphoneme
phoneme 6 // nặng Tone(drop (constricted)
stress
//length 150 // ignore because it make too short sound 75 // reduce the length of the vowel
Tone(34, 10, envelope/p_512, envelope/vi_6amp) //40 20
endphoneme
phoneme 7 // Tone(1 (ngang) at end of clause
stress
Tone(30, 28, envelope/p_fall, NULL) //40 20
endphoneme
// Vowels
//=======
phoneme a
vwl starttype #@ endtype #@
IF nextPhW(p) THEN
length 142
ELIF nextPhW(t[) THEN
length 126
ELIF nextPhW(c) THEN
length 136
ELIF nextPhW(m) THEN
length 155
ELIF nextPhW(n) THEN
length 185
ELIF nextPhW(N) THEN
length 173
ELIF thisPh(isFirstVowel) AND thisPh(isFinalVowel) AND thisPh(isWordEnd) THEN
length 240
ELIF thisPh(isFirstVowel) AND thisPh(isFinalVowel) AND thisPh(isWordStart) THEN
length 240
ELSE
length 180
ENDIF
FMT(vietnam/a_2) //a_4)
endphoneme
phoneme a:
vwl starttype #a endtype #a
IF nextPhW(p) THEN
length 142
ELIF nextPhW(t[) THEN
length 126
ELIF nextPhW(c) THEN
length 136
ELIF nextPhW(m) THEN
length 155
ELIF nextPhW(n) THEN
length 185
ELIF nextPhW(N) THEN
length 173
ELIF thisPh(isFirstVowel) AND thisPh(isFinalVowel) AND thisPh(isWordEnd) THEN
length 300
ELIF thisPh(isFirstVowel) AND thisPh(isFinalVowel) AND thisPh(isWordStart) THEN
length 240
ELIF thisPh(isWordStart) AND thisPh(isWordEnd) THEN
length 333
ELSE
length 180
ENDIF
//FMT(vowel/a_8)
FMT(vietnam/aa)
endphoneme
phoneme E
vwl starttype #e endtype #e
IF nextPhW(p) THEN
length 143
ELIF nextPhW(t[) THEN
length 107
ELIF nextPhW(c) THEN
length 141
ELIF nextPhW(m) THEN
length 128
ELIF nextPhW(n) THEN
length 160
ELIF nextPhW(N) THEN
length 187
ELIF thisPh(isFirstVowel) AND thisPh(isFinalVowel) AND thisPh(isWordEnd) THEN
length 300
ELIF thisPh(isFirstVowel) AND thisPh(isFinalVowel) AND thisPh(isWordStart) THEN
length 240
ELIF thisPh(isWordStart) AND thisPh(isWordEnd) THEN
length 352
ELSE
length 180
ENDIF
//FMT(vowel/e_e) //ee_3)
FMT(vietnam/e_e_2)
endphoneme
phoneme e
vwl starttype #e endtype #e
IF nextPhW(p) THEN
length 114
ELIF nextPhW(t[) THEN
length 126
ELIF nextPhW(c) THEN
length 140
ELIF nextPhW(n^) THEN
length 120
ELIF nextPhW(m) THEN
length 148
ELIF nextPhW(n) THEN
length 163
ELIF nextPhW(N) THEN
length 115
ELIF thisPh(isFirstVowel) AND thisPh(isFinalVowel) AND thisPh(isWordEnd) THEN
length 300
ELIF thisPh(isFirstVowel) AND thisPh(isFinalVowel) AND thisPh(isWordStart) THEN
length 240
ELIF thisPh(isWordStart) AND thisPh(isWordEnd) THEN
length 324
ELSE
length 180
ENDIF
IF nextPh(n^) THEN
FMT(vowel/e)
ELSE
FMT(vietnam/e, 150)
ENDIF
endphoneme
phoneme e-
vwl starttype #e endtype #a
length 140
FMT(vietnam/e_short_1)
//FMT(vdiph/aai_3)
endphoneme
phoneme i
vwl starttype #i endtype #i
IfNextVowelAppend(;)
IF prevPhW(w) THEN
VowelStart(w/wi)
ENDIF
IF nextPhW(p) THEN
length 131
ELIF nextPhW(t[) THEN
length 113
ELIF nextPhW(c) OR nextPhW(n^) THEN
length 72
ELIF nextPhW(m) THEN
length 120
ELIF nextPhW(n) THEN
length 128
ELIF nextPhW(N) THEN
length 97
ELIF thisPh(isFirstVowel) AND thisPh(isFinalVowel) AND thisPh(isWordEnd) THEN
length 310
ELIF thisPh(isFirstVowel) AND thisPh(isFinalVowel) AND thisPh(isWordStart) THEN
length 240
ELIF thisPh(isWordStart) AND thisPh(isWordEnd) THEN
length 363
ELSE
length 180
ENDIF
IF nextPh(n^) OR nextPh(c) THEN
//FMT(vnasal/ii_n)
FMT(vietnam/i)
ELSE
//FMT(vowel/i_4)
FMT(vietnam/i_2)
ENDIF
endphoneme
phoneme O
vwl starttype #o endtype #o
IF nextPhW(p) THEN
length 129
ELIF nextPhW(t[) THEN
length 125
ELIF nextPhW(c) THEN
length 80
ELIF nextPhW(m) THEN
length 133
ELIF nextPhW(n) THEN
length 158
ELIF nextPhW(N) THEN
length 102
ELIF thisPh(isFirstVowel) AND thisPh(isFinalVowel) AND thisPh(isWordEnd) THEN
length 300
ELIF thisPh(isFirstVowel) AND thisPh(isFinalVowel) AND thisPh(isWordStart) THEN
length 240
ELIF thisPh(isWordStart) AND thisPh(isWordEnd) THEN
length 331
ELSE
length 180
ENDIF
//FMT(vdiph2/o_oo) //vowel/oo)
FMT(vietnam/oo)
endphoneme
phoneme O+
vwl starttype #o endtype #o
IF nextPh(kh) OR nextPh(N) THEN
length 80
ELIF thisPh(isFirstVowel) AND thisPh(isFinalVowel) AND thisPh(isWordEnd) THEN
length 240
ELSE
length 180
ENDIF
FMT(vowel/o) //vowel/oo)
endphoneme
phoneme o
vwl starttype #o endtype #o
IF nextPhW(p) THEN
length 140
ELIF nextPhW(t[) THEN
length 113
ELIF nextPhW(c) THEN
length 88
ELIF nextPhW(m) THEN
length 134
ELIF nextPhW(n) THEN
length 168
ELIF nextPhW(N) THEN
length 99
ELIF thisPh(isFirstVowel) AND thisPh(isFinalVowel) AND thisPh(isWordEnd) THEN
length 310
ELIF thisPh(isFirstVowel) AND thisPh(isFinalVowel) AND thisPh(isWordStart) THEN
length 240
ELIF thisPh(isWordStart) AND thisPh(isWordEnd) THEN
length 363
ELSE
length 180
ENDIF
//FMT(vowel/o) // o_2)
FMT(vietnam/o)
endphoneme
phoneme u
vwl starttype #u endtype #u
IF nextPhW(p) THEN
length 110
ELIF nextPhW(t[) THEN
length 94
ELIF nextPhW(c) THEN
length 83
ELIF nextPhW(m) THEN
length 141
ELIF nextPhW(n) THEN
length 177
ELIF nextPhW(N) THEN
length 80
ELIF thisPh(isFirstVowel) AND thisPh(isFinalVowel) AND thisPh(isWordEnd) THEN
length 300
ELIF thisPh(isFirstVowel) AND thisPh(isFinalVowel) AND thisPh(isWordStart) THEN
length 240
ELIF thisPh(isWordStart) AND thisPh(isWordEnd) THEN
length 333
ELSE
length 180
ENDIF
//FMT(vnasal/u_n) //vowel/u_5)
FMT(vietnam/u)
endphoneme
phoneme y
vwl starttype #u endtype #u
IF nextPhW(p) THEN
length 102
ELIF nextPhW(t[) THEN
length 76
ELIF nextPhW(c) THEN
length 70
ELIF nextPhW(m) THEN
length 143
ELIF nextPhW(n) THEN
length 136
ELIF nextPhW(N) THEN
length 101
ELIF thisPh(isFirstVowel) AND thisPh(isFinalVowel) AND thisPh(isWordEnd) THEN
length 300
ELIF thisPh(isFirstVowel) AND thisPh(isFinalVowel) AND thisPh(isWordStart) THEN
length 240
ELIF thisPh(isWordStart) AND thisPh(isWordEnd) THEN
length 328
ELSE
length 180
ENDIF
//FMT(vowel/u#_5)
FMT(vietnam/y_2, 60)
endphoneme
phoneme @
vwl starttype #@ endtype #a
IF nextPhW(p) THEN
length 123
ELIF nextPhW(t[) THEN
length 123
ELIF nextPhW(c) THEN
length 139
ELIF nextPhW(m) THEN
length 127
ELIF nextPhW(n) THEN
length 160
ELIF nextPhW(N) THEN
length 156
ELIF thisPh(isFirstVowel) AND thisPh(isFinalVowel) AND thisPh(isWordEnd) THEN
length 240
ELIF thisPh(isFirstVowel) AND thisPh(isFinalVowel) AND thisPh(isWordStart) THEN
length 240
ELSE
length 180
ENDIF
// FMT(vowel/V) //vowel/@_2)
FMT(vietnam/V_2)
endphoneme
phoneme @:
vwl starttype #@ endtype #@
IF nextPhW(p) THEN
length 123
ELIF nextPhW(t[) THEN
length 123
ELIF nextPhW(c) THEN
length 139
ELIF nextPhW(m) THEN
length 127
ELIF nextPhW(n) THEN
length 160
ELIF nextPhW(N) THEN
length 156
ELIF thisPh(isFirstVowel) AND thisPh(isFinalVowel) AND thisPh(isWordEnd) THEN
length 300
ELIF thisPh(isFirstVowel) AND thisPh(isFinalVowel) AND thisPh(isWordStart) THEN
length 240
ELIF thisPh(isWordStart) AND thisPh(isWordEnd) THEN
length 333
ELSE
length 180
ENDIF
//FMT(vowel/@_2)
FMT(vietnam/@_2)
endphoneme
// Diphthongs
//===========
phoneme aI
vwl starttype #a endtype #i
IF thisPh(isFirstVowel) AND thisPh(isFinalVowel) AND thisPh(isWordEnd) THEN
length 240
ELSE
length 200
ENDIF
FMT(vdiph/&i_2)
endphoneme
phoneme a:I
vwl starttype #a endtype #i
length 240 //250
FMT(vdiph/ai)
endphoneme
phoneme @I
vwl starttype #@ endtype #i
length 240 //250
FMT(vdiph/@i)
endphoneme
phoneme @:I
vwl starttype #@ endtype #i
length 240 //250
FMT(vdiph/y#i)
endphoneme
phoneme eI
vwl starttype #e endtype #i
IF thisPh(isFirstVowel) AND thisPh(isFinalVowel) AND thisPh(isWordEnd) THEN
length 240
ELSE
length 200
ENDIF
FMT(vdiph/ei)
endphoneme
phoneme EI
vwl starttype #e endtype #i
IF thisPh(isFirstVowel) AND thisPh(isFinalVowel) AND thisPh(isWordEnd) THEN
length 240
ELSE
length 200
ENDIF
FMT(vdiph/eei)
endphoneme
phoneme OI
vwl starttype #o endtype #i
length 240
FMT(vdiph/ooi_4)
endphoneme
phoneme oI
vwl starttype #o endtype #i
length 240
FMT(vdiph/oi)
endphoneme
phoneme uI
vwl starttype #u endtype #i
length 240
FMT(vdiph/ui)
endphoneme
phoneme yI
vwl starttype #u endtype #i
length 240
FMT(vdiph/u-i)
endphoneme
phoneme aU
vwl starttype #a endtype #u
IF thisPh(isFirstVowel) AND thisPh(isFinalVowel) AND thisPh(isWordEnd) THEN
length 240
ELSE
length 200
ENDIF
FMT(vdiph/aau_4)
endphoneme
phoneme a:U
vwl starttype #a endtype #u
IF thisPh(isFirstVowel) AND thisPh(isFinalVowel) AND thisPh(isWordEnd) THEN
length 240
ELSE
length 200
ENDIF
FMT(vdiph/au)
endphoneme
phoneme eU
vwl starttype #e endtype #u
IF thisPh(isFirstVowel) AND thisPh(isFinalVowel) AND thisPh(isWordEnd) THEN
length 240
ELSE
length 200
ENDIF
FMT(vdiph/eu)
endphoneme
phoneme EU
vwl starttype #e endtype #u
IF thisPh(isFirstVowel) AND thisPh(isFinalVowel) AND thisPh(isWordEnd) THEN
length 240
ELSE
length 200
ENDIF
FMT(vdiph/eeu)
endphoneme
phoneme iU
vwl starttype #i endtype #u
IF thisPh(isFirstVowel) AND thisPh(isFinalVowel) AND thisPh(isWordEnd) THEN
length 240
ELSE
length 200
ENDIF
FMT(vdiph2/iu)
endphoneme
phoneme @U
vwl starttype #@ endtype #u
IF thisPh(isFirstVowel) AND thisPh(isFinalVowel) AND thisPh(isWordEnd) THEN
length 240
ELSE
length 200
ENDIF
FMT(vdiph/@u_3)
endphoneme
phoneme @:U
vwl starttype #@ endtype #u
IF thisPh(isFirstVowel) AND thisPh(isFinalVowel) AND thisPh(isWordEnd) THEN
length 240
ELSE
length 200
ENDIF
FMT(vdiph/@u)
endphoneme
phoneme i@
vwl starttype #i endtype #@
IF thisPh(isFirstVowel) AND thisPh(isFinalVowel) AND thisPh(isWordEnd) THEN
length 240
ELSE
length 200
ENDIF
FMT(vdiph2/ii@_3)
endphoneme
phoneme y@
vwl starttype #i endtype #@
IF thisPh(isFirstVowel) AND thisPh(isFinalVowel) AND thisPh(isWordEnd) THEN
length 240
ELSE
length 200
ENDIF
//FMT(vdiph2/y-y#)
FMT(vietnam/y@)
endphoneme
phoneme u@
vwl starttype #u endtype #@
IF thisPh(isFirstVowel) AND thisPh(isFinalVowel) AND thisPh(isWordEnd) THEN
length 240
ELSE
length 140
ENDIF
//FMT(vdiph2/uu@)-
FMT(vietnam/u@)
endphoneme
// Addition Dipthongs
phoneme o# // ông
vwl starttype #o endtype #o
IF nextPhW(k) THEN
length 120
ELIF thisPh(isFirstVowel) AND thisPh(isFinalVowel) AND thisPh(isWordEnd) THEN
length 360
ELIF nextPhW(N) THEN
length 99
ELIF nextPhW(k) THEN
length 88
ELSE
length 200
ENDIF
//FMT(vnasal/a#u_n)
FMT(vietnam/o#)
endphoneme
phoneme O# // ong
vwl starttype #o endtype #o
IF thisPh(isFirstVowel) AND thisPh(isFinalVowel) AND thisPh(isWordEnd) THEN
length 240
ELIF nextPh(k) THEN
length 140
ELIF nextPh(N) THEN
length 102
ELSE
length 200
ENDIF
//FMT(vnasal/&u_n)
FMT(vietnam/O_short_2)
endphoneme
phoneme o@
vwl starttype #o endtype #a
IF thisPh(isFirstVowel) AND thisPh(isFinalVowel) AND thisPh(isWordEnd) THEN
length 240
ELSE
length 200
ENDIF
FMT(vdiph2/oa)
endphoneme
phoneme o&
vwl starttype #o endtype #o
IF thisPh(isFirstVowel) AND thisPh(isFinalVowel) AND thisPh(isWordEnd) THEN
length 240
ELSE
length 200
ENDIF
FMT(vietnam/oe)
endphoneme
phoneme iE // iê : viết, giệc
vwl starttype #i endtype #e
IF thisPh(isFirstVowel) AND thisPh(isFinalVowel) AND thisPh(isWordEnd) THEN
length 240
ELSE
length 200
ENDIF
FMT(vietnam/ie)
endphoneme
phoneme Oi // oai sound
vwl starttype #o endtype #i
IF thisPh(isFirstVowel) AND thisPh(isFinalVowel) AND thisPh(isWordEnd) THEN
length 240
ELSE
length 200
ENDIF
FMT(vdiph/ooi_3)
endphoneme
// Vowel and Dipthong for south dialect
phoneme O- // ôi southern sound
vwl starttype #o endtype #i
IF thisPh(isFirstVowel) AND thisPh(isFinalVowel) AND thisPh(isWordEnd) THEN
length 240
ELSE
length 180
ENDIF
FMT(vnasal/oi_n)
endphoneme
phoneme @- // ơi southern sound
vwl starttype #o endtype #i
IF thisPh(isFirstVowel) AND thisPh(isFinalVowel) AND thisPh(isWordEnd) THEN
length 240
ELSE
length 180
ENDIF
FMT(vdiph/@i_3)
endphoneme
phoneme u- // u southern sound
vwl starttype #u endtype #u
IF thisPh(isFirstVowel) AND thisPh(isFinalVowel) AND thisPh(isWordEnd) THEN
length 240
ELSE
length 180
ENDIF
FMT(vowel/u_3,70)
endphoneme
phoneme kh
vls vel frc
lengthmod 3
Vowelin f1=0 f2=2300 200 400 f3=200 80 len=30
Vowelout f1=0 f2=2300 300 400 f3=200 80 rms=20
WAV(ustop/k_unasp) //ufric/x, 50)
endphoneme
phoneme k
vls vel frc
lengthmod 3
Vowelin f1=0 f2=2300 200 400 f3=200 80 len=30
Vowelout f1=0 f2=2300 300 400 f3=200 80 rms=20
WAV(ustop/c)
endphoneme
phoneme N // si**ng**
vcd lbv nas
Vowelout f1=3 f2=2300 300 400 f3=-200 80 len=40 rms=20 brk
lengthmod 12 // longer than 'n'
IF thisPh(isWordEnd) THEN
length 163
ENDIF
FMT(n/nm)
endphoneme
phoneme l
liquid
Vowelin f1=0 f2=1700 -300 300 f3=-100 80 len=15
//lengthmod 7
//IF nextPh(isNotVowel) THEN
// ChangePhoneme(l/2)
//ENDIF
//CALL vowelstart_l
FMT(l/l_vi)
endphoneme
phoneme t
vls alv stp
//voicingswitch d
lengthmod 2
Vowelin f1=0 f2=1700 -300 300 f3=-100 80 len=15
Vowelout f1=0 f2=1700 -300 250 f3=-100 80 rms=20
WAV(vietnam/th, 50)
endphoneme
phoneme cr
vls pla afr sib
//voicingswitch dZ
lengthmod 2
Vowelin f1=0 f2=2300 200 400 f3=-100 80 len=15
WAV(vietnam/tr,10)
endphoneme
phoneme d_
vcd alv stp
// lengthmod 5
ipa ɗ
length 50
Vowelin f1=1 f2=1700 -300 300 f3=-100 80 len=15
Vowelout f1=2 f2=1700 -300 300 f3=-100 80 brk len=30
WAV(vietnam/dd)
endphoneme
phoneme c
vls pal stp pzd
//voicingswitch J
lengthmod 2
length 50
Vowelin f1=0 f2=2700 400 600 f3=300 80 len=15 brk
Vowelout f1=1 f2=2700 400 600 f3=200 70 len=15 colr=1
WAV(vietnam/ch,5)
endphoneme
phoneme p
vls blb stp
lengthmod 2
length 15
Vowelin f1=0 f2=1000 -50 -100 f3=-200 80 amp=11
Vowelout f1=0 f2=1000 -500 -350 f3=-300 80 rms=22
WAV(ustop/p_unasp_,10)
endphoneme
phoneme t[ // dental variant of /t/
IF thisPh(isWordEnd) THEN
vls alv stp
voicingswitch d
lengthmod 2
length 15
Vowelin f1=1 f2=1500 -250 250 f3=-100 80 amp=16 len=15
Vowelout f1=0 f2=1500 -300 250 f3=-100 80 rms=20 len=15
WAV(ustop/t, 50)
ELSE
vls dnt stp
voicingswitch d[
lengthmod 2
length 15
Vowelin f1=1 f2=1500 -250 250 f3=-100 80 amp=16 len=15
Vowelout f1=0 f2=1500 -300 250 f3=-100 80 rms=20 len=15
IF nextPh(isPause2) THEN
WAV(ustop/t_unasp2, 5)
ENDIF
WAV(ustop/t_hi, 70)
ENDIF
endphoneme
phoneme w
liquid
starttype #u
IF nextPh(isVowel) THEN
length 20
NextVowelStarts
VowelStart(w/w@)
VowelStart(w/wa)
VowelStart(w/we)
VowelStart(w/wi)
VowelStart(w/wo)
VowelStart(w/wu)
EndSwitch
VowelEnding(w/xw, -30)
IF nextPh(isVowel) AND prevPhW(t[) THEN
FMT(vnasal/u_n, 60) addWav(vietnam/w)
ELIF prevPhW(isNasal) THEN
FMT(w/w)
ELSEIF prevPhW(h) THEN
// none, [hw]
ELSE
//FMT(w/_w) addWav(vietnam/w)
FMT(vietnam/_w)
ENDIF
ELSE
// no vowel follows
length 80
Vowelout len=50
//FMT(w/w_)
FMT(vietnam/w_)
ENDIF
endphoneme
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