From f7630893bf383a5fb8e517550d950195cc64ccb2 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: "Reece H. Dunn" Date: Mon, 23 Jan 2017 22:53:58 +0000 Subject: [PATCH] docs/phonemes.md: restructure the suprasegmental features. --- docs/phoneme_model.md | 69 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ docs/phonemes.md | 25 +++++++--------- 2 files changed, 80 insertions(+), 14 deletions(-) diff --git a/docs/phoneme_model.md b/docs/phoneme_model.md index 96dc9f99..132f18ca 100644 --- a/docs/phoneme_model.md +++ b/docs/phoneme_model.md @@ -20,6 +20,12 @@ - [Consonant Release](#consonant-release) - [Tongue Root](#tongue-root) - [Fortis and Lenis](#fortis-and-lenis) +- [Stress](#stress) +- [Length](#length) +- [Rhythm](#rhythm) +- [Intonation](#intonation) +- [Tone Stepping](#tone-stepping) +- [Tones](#tones) - [References](#references) ---------- @@ -281,6 +287,69 @@ The tongue root position can be specified using the following features: | `fts` | fortis | | `lns` | lenis | +## Stress + +| Feature | Name | +|---------|------------------| +| `st1` | primary stress | +| `st2` | secondary stress | +| `st3` | extra stress | + +## Length + +| Feature | Name | +|---------|-----------------| +| `est` | extra short | +| `hlg` | half-long | +| `lng` | long | + +## Rhythm + +| Feature | Name | +|---------|-------------------| +| `sbr` | syllable break | +| `lnk` | linked (no break) | + +## Intonation + +| Feature | Name | +|---------|--------------------------| +| `fbr` | minor (foot) break | +| `ibr` | major (intonation) break | +| `glr` | global rise | +| `glf` | global fall | + +## Tone Stepping + +| Feature | Name | +|---------|-------------| +| `ust` | upstep | +| `dst` | downstep | + +## Tones + +Tones are defined using the following 3 properties: + + tone_start + tone_middle + tone_end + +The `` field for these properties is a number with one of the following +values: + +| Tone | `` | +|--------------------|-----------| +| extra high (top) | `5` | +| high | `4` | +| mid | `3` | +| low | `2` | +| extra low (bottom) | `1` | + +A *level* tone can be specified by just using the `tone_start` value. A *raising* +or *falling* tone can be specified using the `tone_start` and `tone_end` values. +A *raising-falling* (*peaking*) or *falling-raising* (*dipping*) tone can be +specified using all three values. + ## References 1. Kirshenbaum, Evan, diff --git a/docs/phonemes.md b/docs/phonemes.md index 9177184c..7242854a 100644 --- a/docs/phonemes.md +++ b/docs/phonemes.md @@ -20,13 +20,12 @@ - [Co-articulation](#co-articulation) - [Tongue Root](#tongue-root) - [Fortis and Lenis](#fortis-and-lenis) - - [Suprasegmentals](#suprasegmentals) - - [Stress](#stress) - - [Length](#length) - - [Rhythm](#rhythm) - - [Intonation](#intonation) +- [Suprasegmentals](#suprasegmentals) + - [Stress](#stress) + - [Length](#length) + - [Rhythm](#rhythm) + - [Intonation](#intonation) - [Tone Stepping](#tone-stepping) -- [Properties](#properties) - [Tones](#tones) - [References](#references) @@ -654,9 +653,9 @@ Where fortis and lenis are used to contrast consonant durations (e.g. in the Jawoyn, Ojibwe, and Zurich German languages\[8\]), the [length](#length) suprasegmentals are used instead. -### Suprasegmentals +## Suprasegmentals -#### Stress +### Stress | Feature | Symbol | Name | |---------|--------|------------------| @@ -664,7 +663,7 @@ the [length](#length) suprasegmentals are used instead. | `st2` | ˌ◌ | secondary stress | | `st3` | ˈˈ◌ | extra stress | -#### Length +### Length | Feature | Symbol | Name | |---------|--------|-----------------| @@ -672,14 +671,14 @@ the [length](#length) suprasegmentals are used instead. | `hlg` | ◌ˑ | half-long | | `lng` | ◌ː | long | -#### Rhythm +### Rhythm | Feature | Symbol | Name | |---------|--------|-------------------| | `sbr` | ◌.◌ | syllable break | | `lnk` | ◌‿◌ | linked (no break) | -#### Intonation +### Intonation | Feature | Symbol | Name | |---------|--------|--------------------------| @@ -688,15 +687,13 @@ the [length](#length) suprasegmentals are used instead. | `glr` | ↗ | global rise | | `glf` | ↘ | global fall | -#### Tone Stepping +### Tone Stepping | Feature | Symbol | Name | |---------|--------|-------------| | `ust` | ꜛ◌ | upstep | | `dst` | ꜜ◌ | downstep | -## Properties - ### Tones Tones are defined using the following 3 properties: