diff --git a/docs/phoneme_features.md b/docs/phoneme_features.md new file mode 100644 index 00000000..50eaad83 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/phoneme_features.md @@ -0,0 +1,121 @@ +# Phoneme Features + +- [Phoneme Type](#phoneme-type) +- [Consonants](#consonants) + - [Voicing](#voicing) + - [Place of Articulation](#place-of-articulation) + - [Manner of Articulation](#manner-of-articulation) +- [Vowels](#vowels) + - [Height](#height) + - [Backness](#backness) + - [Rounding](#rounding) +- [Additional Features](#additional-features) +- [References](#references) + +---------- + +Evan Kirshenbaum created an ASCII transcription of the International Phonetic +Alphabet \[1\]. As well as using ASCII +characters for specific IPA phonemes, this transcription provides a set of +3-letter feature abbreviations allowing a phoneme to be described as a sequence +of features. + +This document describes the features used by Kirshenbaum. + +## Phoneme Type + +| Feature | Name | +|---------|-----------------| +| `vwl` | vowel | + +## Consonants + +### Voicing + +| Feature | Name | +|---------|-----------------| +| `vcd` | voiced | +| `vls` | voiceless | + +### Place of Articulation + +| Feature | Name | +|---------|-----------------| +| `blb` | bilabial | +| `lbd` | labio-dental | +| `dnt` | dental | +| `alv` | alveolar | +| `rfx` | retroflex | +| `pla` | palato-alveolar | +| `pal` | palatal | +| `vel` | velar | +| `lbv` | labio-velar | +| `uvl` | uvular | +| `phr` | pharyngeal | +| `glt` | glottal | + +### Manner of Articulation + +| Feature | Name | +|---------|-----------------| +| `stp` | stop | +| `frc` | fricative | +| `nas` | nasal | +| `orl` | oral | +| `apr` | approximant | +| `lat` | lateral | +| `ctl` | central | +| `trl` | trill | +| `flp` | tap/flap | +| `clk` | click | +| `ejc` | ejective | +| `imp` | implosive | + +## Vowels + +### Height + +| Feature | Name | +|---------|-----------------| +| `hgh` | high | +| `smh` | semi-high | +| `umd` | upper-mid | +| `mid` | mid | +| `lmd` | lower-mid | +| `low` | low | + +### Backness + +| Feature | Name | +|---------|-----------------| +| `fnt` | front | +| `cnt` | center | +| `bck` | back | + +### Rounding + +| Feature | Name | +|---------|-----------------| +| `unr` | unrounded | +| `rnd` | rounded | + +## Additional Features + +| Feature | Name | +|---------|-----------------| +| `asp` | aspirated | +| `unx` | unexploded | +| `syl` | syllabic | +| `mrm` | murmured | +| `lng` | long | +| `vzd` | velarized | +| `lzd` | labialized | +| `pzd` | palatalized | +| `rzd` | rhoticized | +| `nzd` | nasalized | +| `fzd` | pharyngealized | + +## References + +1. Kirshenbaum, Evan, + [http://www.kirshenbaum.net/IPA/ascii-ipa.pdf](Representing IPA phonetics in ASCII). 2001.