From 85fc46dfbce069044483c6c339b4818d864b759a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: "Reece H. Dunn" Date: Sun, 22 Jan 2017 17:00:02 +0000 Subject: [PATCH] docs/phonemes.md: move the gemination section to the IPA phonemes section. --- docs/phonemes.md | 38 +++++++++++++++++++------------------- 1 file changed, 19 insertions(+), 19 deletions(-) diff --git a/docs/phonemes.md b/docs/phonemes.md index 82235138..d75cb946 100644 --- a/docs/phonemes.md +++ b/docs/phonemes.md @@ -1,9 +1,10 @@ # Phonemes -- [IPA Charts](#ipa-charts) +- [IPA Phonemes](#ipa-phonemes) - [Consonants (Pulmonic)](#consonants-pulmonic) - [Consonants (Non-Pulmonic)](#consonants-non-pulmonic) - [Other Symbols](#other-symbols) + - [Gemination](#gemination) - [Vowels](#vowels) - [Features](#features) - [Air Flow](#air-flow) @@ -21,7 +22,6 @@ - [Diacritics](#diacritics) - [Syllabicity](#syllabicity) - [Consonant Release](#consonant-release) - - [Gemination](#gemination) - [Fortis and Lenis](#fortis-and-lenis) - [Articulation](#articulation) - [Co-articulation](#co-articulation-1) @@ -70,10 +70,10 @@ article can be used as a starting point, as it links to topics and descriptions of the various phonemes. The diacritics and suprasegmental feature lists also show their corresponding -IPA symbol. This is to avoid duplicating the lists in the IPA chart and Feature +IPA symbol. This is to avoid duplicating the lists in the IPA Phonemes and Feature sections. -## IPA Charts +## IPA Phonemes ## Consonants (Pulmonic) @@ -409,6 +409,21 @@ Symbols to the left have a `vls` phonation, and to the right have `mdv` phonatio | p͡f | | `vls` `bld` `afr` | | b͡v | | `mdv` `bld` `afr` | +##### Gemination + +Gemination is found in several languages including Italian and Japanese. +It is also present in the suprasegmental phonology between words such as +"lamppost" and "evenness". + +Some linguists use the [long](#length) suprasegmental for geminate consonants. +The eSpeak NG convention is to use consonant length for [phonation](#phonation) +when consonant length is distinct without gemination occurring. + +The way gemination is represented in eSpeak NG is to duplicate the phonemes, +with the first phoneme using the `unx` feature. For example, n̚.n for a +geminated n. This describes how with the `stp` and `nas` consonants, the +mouth remains closed (`unx`) for the first of the geminated consonants. + ### Vowels @@ -657,21 +672,6 @@ __NOTE:__ `sib` is not used in the IPA charts. __NOTE:__ The `nrs` and `lrs` features are not defined in Cainteoir Text-to-Speech. -##### Gemination - -Gemination is found in several languages including Italian and Japanese. -It is also present in the suprasegmental phonology between words such as -"lamppost" and "evenness". - -Some linguists use the [long](#length) suprasegmental for geminate consonants. -The eSpeak NG convention is to use consonant length for [phonation](#phonation) -when consonant length is distinct without gemination occurring. - -The way gemination is represented in eSpeak NG is to duplicate the phonemes, -with the first phoneme using the `unx` feature. For example, n̚.n for a -geminated n. This describes how with the `stp` and `nas` consonants, the -mouth remains closed (`unx`) for the first of the geminated consonants. - #### Fortis and Lenis | Feature | Kirshenbaum | IPA | Name |