diff --git a/dictsource/de_list b/dictsource/de_list
index 73ac1ca0..feb154a5 100644
--- a/dictsource/de_list
+++ b/dictsource/de_list
@@ -42,6 +42,7 @@ _—	g@d'ank@nSt@-*,IC
 
 _#9	t,abu:l'Ato:*
 _#32	l'e:*ts'aIC@n
+_??	zymb'o:l
 
 // Not Roman numbers
 v	faU
diff --git a/dictsource/dict_phonemes b/dictsource/dict_phonemes
index ee6649ef..cb663456 100644
--- a/dictsource/dict_phonemes
+++ b/dictsource/dict_phonemes
@@ -43,9 +43,9 @@ x    z
 Dictionary de_dict
 
 3    @    @-   a    A    A:   aI   aU   
-E    E2   E:   e:   EI   I    i2   I:   
-i:   O    o:   OY   U    u:   W    y    
-y:   Y:   
+E    E2   E:   e:   EI   I    i2   i:   
+O    o:   OY   U    u:   W    y    y:   
+Y:   
 
 *    :    ;    b    C    C2   d    D    
 dZ   f    g    h    j    k    l    m    
@@ -117,8 +117,9 @@ w^i  W~   y    Y
 
 *    :    ;    b    c    d    dZ   f    
 g    h    j    k    l    L    m    n    
-N    n^   p    r    R    s    S    t    
-t2   tS   v    w    z    Z    z2   z3   
+N    n2   n^   p    r    R    s    S    
+t    t2   tS   v    w    z    Z    z2   
+z3   
 
 
 Dictionary hi_dict
@@ -281,7 +282,7 @@ u    U    uI   u~   y
 g    h    j    k    l    l^   m    n    
 N    n^   p    Q    r    R    r-   s    
 S    s#   s;   t    T    tS   ts   v    
-w    w2   x    z    Z    
+w    x    z    Z    
 
 
 Dictionary ro_dict
@@ -340,10 +341,10 @@ Dictionary zh_dict
 i    i.   i[   iou  o    o-   ou   u    
 uai  y    
 
-:    f    j    k    kh   l    m    n    
-N    p    ph   r    R    s    s.   S;   
-t    th   ts   ts.  ts.  tS;  tS;  tsh  
-v    w    x    z    z.   
+(u)  :    f    h    j    k    kh   l    
+m    n    N    p    ph   r    s    s.   
+S;   t    th   ts   ts.  ts.  tS;  tS;  
+tsh  v    w    x    z    z.   
 
 
 Dictionary jbo_dict
@@ -390,3 +391,13 @@ x    z
 
 Dictionary ja_dict
 
+
+
+Dictionary tr_dict
+
+a    e    E    i    I    o    O    u    
+u#   W    y    Y    
+
+:    ;    b    d    dZ   f    g    h    
+j    k    l    m    n    p    Q    r    
+R    s    S    t    tS   v    z    Z    
diff --git a/dictsource/en_list b/dictsource/en_list
index a98f12a0..1313a9e4 100644
--- a/dictsource/en_list
+++ b/dictsource/en_list
@@ -92,6 +92,25 @@ _|	vi:b'A@
 _}	A@breIs
 _~	tIld@
 
+£	paUnd
+¥	jEn
+§	sEkS@n
+_¶	par@graf   // in en_rules
+¤	kVr@nsI2saIn
+©	k0pI2raIt
+°	dI2gri:z
+−	maIn@s
+±	plVs@maIn@s
+µ	maIkroU
+¼	a2kwO@t3
+½	a2hA:f
+¾	Tri:kwO@t3
+×	taImz
+÷	dI2vaIdbaI
+€	jU@roUz
+♯	SA@p
+♭	flat
+ə	SwA:
 
 // numeric
 
@@ -2673,8 +2692,8 @@ than             %Dan          $only
 then             DEn           $verbf 
 
 // these should be stressed at the start of a sentence
-which            ,wItS         $pause $strend2 $only $verbsf
-who              ,hu:          $verbsf $pause $strend2 $onlys
+which            ,wItS         $pause $strend2 $only $verbf
+who              ,hu:          $verbf $pause $strend2 $onlys
 whose            ,hu:z         $pause $only
 what             ,w0t          $strend2 $onlys
 how              ,haU          $strend2 $onlys
diff --git a/dictsource/en_rules b/dictsource/en_rules
index bcef1cf5..80257624 100644
--- a/dictsource/en_rules
+++ b/dictsource/en_rules
@@ -5160,7 +5160,6 @@
 	ë	E
 	ï	i:
 	ö	3:
-?5	ö	VR
 	ü	u:
 	ç	s
 	ß	s
@@ -5178,7 +5177,6 @@
 ?3          \\           bakslaS
 ?3          /            slaS
             '
-            £            paUnd
             !           _:Ekskl@meIS@n_:
          !) !
             ? (?         kwEstS@nmA@ks
@@ -5227,22 +5225,6 @@
          %) % (%       
         %%) % (_         _::
 
-// extra symbols
-            ¥        jEn
-            §        sEkS@n
+// extra symbols (mostly in en_list)
             ¶        par@graf
             ¶¶       par@grafs
-            ¤        kVr@nsI2saIn
-            ©        k0pI2raIt
-            °        dI2gri:z
-            −        maIn@s
-            ±        plVs@maIn@s
-            µ        maIkroU
-            ¼        a2kwO@t3
-            ½        a2hA:f
-            ¾        Tri:kwO@t3
-            ×        taImz
-            ÷        dI2vaIdbaI
-            €        jU@roUz
-            ♯        SA@p
-            ♭        flat
diff --git a/dictsource/es_list b/dictsource/es_list
index beae3b9f..80b5f600 100644
--- a/dictsource/es_list
+++ b/dictsource/es_list
@@ -2,8 +2,54 @@
 // This file in UTF8 encoded
 
 // letters
-ch	tSe
-ll	Ejje
+
+_cap	m'aJ^us
+_??	s'imbolo
+_#32	Esp'aTjo
+
+
+// names of symbols
+_.	punto
+_,	koma
+_;	p,untoik'oma
+_:	d,osp'untos
+_!	TE*R'aRaDmi**aTj'on
+_?	TE*R'aRintE*R,oQaTj'on
+_¡	aB@-*'iRaDmi**aTj'on
+_¿	aB@-*'iRintE*R,oQaTj'on
+_=	iQw'al
+_<	mEn'oRke
+_>	maJ^'oRke
+_'	apost@-*'ofo
+_"	kom'iJ^as
+_+	s'iQnodesum'aR
+_$	dolar
+_#	almoaD'il^a
+_*	astE*'isko
+_-	gJ^on
+__	suB@-*aJ^'aDo
+_/	ba*Ra
+_\	b'a*RaimbERt'iDa
+_`	aT'Entog@-*'aBe
+_(	,aB@-*epa**'EntEsis
+_)	Tj,E*Rapa**'EntEsis
+_[	,aB@-*ekoRtS'Ete
+_]	Tj,E*RakoRtS'Ete
+_{	,aB@-*eJ^'aBe
+_}	Tj,E*RaJ^'aBe
+_«	kom'iJ^as||iTkJ^'ERDas
+_»	kom'iJ^as||dE**'EtSas
+
+^	TiRkumfl'Exo
+€	eU*o
+%	porTj'Ento
+&	ampERs'ant
+@	a*R'oBa
+/	ba*Ra
+©	kopi*R'aIt
+£	liB@-*as
+¶	p'a*Rafo
+§	sEkTj'on
 
 
 // numbers
@@ -291,8 +337,16 @@ v	uve
 x	Ekis
 _y	,ig@-*'iEQa
 y	,ig@-*'iEQa  $atend
+ch	tSe
+ll	Ejje
+á	'a||aTEntw'aDa
+é	'e||aTEntw'aDa
+í	'i||aTEntw'aDa
+_ó	'o||aTEntw'aDa
+ó	'o||aTEntw'aDa $atend
+ú	'u||aTEntw'aDa
+ü	,uDjE**'Esis
 
-_.	punto
 
 
 
diff --git a/dictsource/es_rules b/dictsource/es_rules
index ad6f60da..eb982ded 100644
--- a/dictsource/es_rules
+++ b/dictsource/es_rules
@@ -201,12 +201,6 @@
         _)ñ (_       En^e
 
           $          d'olar
-          €          eU*o
-          %          porTj'Ento
-          &          ampErs'ant
-          @          a*R'oBa
-          /          b'a*Ra
-          ©          k,opi*R'aIt
 
           +          m'as
       _)  ++ (_      masm'as
diff --git a/dictsource/fr_list b/dictsource/fr_list
index 59b7f7c7..b119c9ed 100755
--- a/dictsource/fr_list
+++ b/dictsource/fr_list
@@ -63,9 +63,11 @@ _y      i:gR'Ek
 // character names
 
 
-//_cap k,ap@-t@L
-_?A  lEt@
-_??  sE~b'OL
+//_cap	k,ap@-t@L
+_?A	lEt@
+_??	sE~b'OL
+_#9	tabylasjO~
+_#32	Espas
 
 _"   gijmE
 _#   djEz
diff --git a/dictsource/fr_rules b/dictsource/fr_rules
index 468835a3..8d0a8b12 100755
--- a/dictsource/fr_rules
+++ b/dictsource/fr_rules
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 
 // 2006-11-18  Gilles Casse  <gcasse@oralux.org>
 //
-// Updated: 2008-01-29 Michel Such  <michel.such@free.fr>
+// Updated: 2008-02-04 Michel Such  <michel.such@free.fr>
 //
 //	* The rules are based on Cicero TTS.
 //
@@ -136,10 +136,9 @@
 		em (b       A~		// décembre
 		em (m       A~		// emmancher
 		em (p       A~
-		en (_       A~		// en
+		en (_       A~n2		// en
 		en (hA      A~n		// enharmonique
 		en (A       A~n		// enivrer
-		en (_A      A~n		// en avion
 
 	C)	en (d_      A~		// comprend dépend
 	C)	en (ds_     A~
@@ -395,6 +394,7 @@
 _)		h	(ac	_!		// hache
 _)		h	(ai	_!		// haine haillon
 _)		h	(al	_!		// halte
+_)		h	(amea	_!		// hameau
 _)		h	(amp	_!		// hampe
 _)		h	(an	_!		// hanche
 _)		h	(app	_!		// happer
@@ -406,6 +406,7 @@ _)		h	(arp	_!		// harpe
 _)		h	(au	_!		// haut
 _)		h	(av	_!		// havre
 _)		h	(ern	_!		// hernie
+_)		h	(éro	_!		// héros, héron
 _)		h	(ers	_!		// herse
 _)		h	(eurt	_!		// heurter
 _)		h	(ibo	_!		// hibou
@@ -655,6 +656,7 @@ mou)	rr          RR		// mourrai
 	A) 	s (oft        s		// microsoft
 	y) 	s (A        z		// paysage
 	CCan) 	s (A        z		// transition
+	xpan) 	s (A        s		// expansion
 
 
 	ibu) 	s (_        s
@@ -758,8 +760,9 @@ C)		te (_      t@-  		// patte
 		um (b       W~	// humble
 		um (p       W~
 		un (C       W~	// emprunt lundi
-		un (_       W~	// brun
-		un (_A      W~n	// un avion
+	C)	un (_       W~	// brun
+	uc)	un (_       W~n2	// aucun
+		un (_      W~n2	// un avion
 
 	g) 	u (A		// fatigue
 	g) 	u (ï	    y	// ambiguïté
@@ -864,3 +867,4 @@ C)		te (_      t@-  		// patte
 
 
 
+
diff --git a/dictsource/no_list b/dictsource/no_list
index 90186aff..93591071 100755
--- a/dictsource/no_list
+++ b/dictsource/no_list
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ m      e:m
 n      En
 p      pe:
 q      ku-:
-r      Err
+r      E:R
 s      Es
 t      te:
 v      ve:
diff --git a/dictsource/tr_list b/dictsource/tr_list
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..eaad0544
--- /dev/null
+++ b/dictsource/tr_list
@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+
+// This file is UTF8 encoded 
+// Spelling-to-phoneme words for Turkish
+
+a	a
+b	be
+c	dZE
+ç	tSE
+d	dE
+e	E
+f	fE
+g	g;E
+ğ	jumuS'ak||g;'E
+h	hE
+ı	u#
+i	i
+j	ZE
+k	ka
+l	lE
+m	mE
+n	nE
+o	O
+ö	W
+p	pE
+q	kvE
+r	RE
+s	sE
+ş	SE
+t	tE
+u	u
+ü	y
+v	vE
+w	dubElv'E
+x	Eks
+y	jE
+z	zE
+
+_??	sEmb'Ol
+
+_0	su#fu#r
+_1	bir
+_2	iki
+_3	YtS
+_4	dWrt
+_5	beS
+_6	altu#
+_7	jedi
+_8	sekiz
+_9	dokuz
+_10	on
+_1X	on
+_2X	jirmi
+_3X	otuz
+_4X	ku#rk
+_5X	elli
+_6X	altmu#S
+_7X	jetmiS
+_8X	seksEn
+_9X	doksan
+_0C	jyz
+_0M1	bIn
+_0M2	miljon
+_0M3	miljar
+_dpt	_virg,Yl
+
+
+
+// exceptions
+
+ankara		$1
+
diff --git a/dictsource/tr_rules b/dictsource/tr_rules
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..fbe09344
--- /dev/null
+++ b/dictsource/tr_rules
@@ -0,0 +1,108 @@
+
+// Turkish translation rules
+// This file is UTF-8 encoded
+
+
+.group a
+        a        a
+
+.group b
+        b        b
+
+.group c
+        c        dZ
+
+.group ç
+        ç        tS
+
+.group d
+        d        d
+
+.group e
+        e        e
+
+.group f
+        f        f
+
+.group g
+        g        g
+
+.group ğ
+        ğ        Q
+     A) ğ        :
+
+.group h
+        h        h
+
+.group i
+        i        i
+
+.group ı
+        ı        u#
+
+.group j
+        j        Z
+
+.group k
+        k        k
+
+.group l
+        l        l
+
+.group m
+        m        m
+
+     @) ma (_S2  m%a
+     @) me (_S2  m%e
+     @) mı (_S2  m%u#
+
+.group n
+        n        n
+
+.group o
+        o        o
+
+.group ö
+        ö        W
+
+.group p
+        p        p
+
+.group q
+        q        k
+
+.group r
+        r        r
+
+.group s
+        s        s
+
+.group ş
+        ş        S
+
+.group t
+        t        t
+
+.group u
+        u        u
+
+.group ü
+        ü        y
+
+.group v
+        v        v
+
+.group w
+        w        v
+
+.group x
+        x        ks
+
+.group y
+        y        j
+
+.group z
+        z        z
+
+.group
+        $        dolar
diff --git a/docs/phonemes.html b/docs/phonemes.html
index 15f3483b..0c3f80e4 100644
--- a/docs/phonemes.html
+++ b/docs/phonemes.html
@@ -144,8 +144,8 @@ In rhotic accents, such as General American, the phonemes <code>[3:], [A@], [e@]
 <tr><td><code>[aU]</code><td>m<b>ou</b>th
 <tr><td><code>[oU]</code><td>g<b>oa</b>t
 
-<tr><td><code>[aI@]</code>
-<tr><td><code>[aU@]</code>
+<tr><td><code>[aI@]</code><td>sc<b>ie</b>nce
+<tr><td><code>[aU@]</code><td>h<b>our</b>
 </tbody>
 </table>
 
diff --git a/espeak-data/voices/no b/espeak-data/voices/no
index abd5818b..77b60b96 100755
--- a/espeak-data/voices/no
+++ b/espeak-data/voices/no
@@ -3,3 +3,4 @@ language no
 language nb
 gender male
 
+intonation 4
diff --git a/espeak-data/voices/tr b/espeak-data/voices/tr
new file mode 100755
index 00000000..00cef6fb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/espeak-data/voices/tr
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+name turkish-test
+language tr
+gender male
+
diff --git a/phsource/compile_report b/phsource/compile_report
index 973eb0dd..c1da070d 100644
--- a/phsource/compile_report
+++ b/phsource/compile_report
@@ -1,51 +1,52 @@
-46 phoneme tables
+47 phoneme tables
           new total
-    base  98   98
-   base2  24  117
-      en  54  147
-    en_n  30  147
-   en_us  34  147
-   en_sc  39  149
-   en_rp  34  147
-   en_wm  30  147
-   en_wi  30  147
-      af  38  130
-      cy  29  124
-      de  33  125
-      eo  13  110
-     jbo   4  111
-      fi  40  129
-      fr  42  122
-   fr_ca  11  122
-      hi  50  134
-      ta  15  136
-      hu  23  114
-      nl  28  121
-      pl  15  109
-      sk  29  127
-      cs   6  127
-      hr  20  132
-      mk   3  133
-      sr  14  132
-      ru  38  128
-      it  17  120
-      la  21  116
-      es   7  117
-      pt  27  133
-   pt_pt  20  133
-      ro  36  141
-      el   8  117
-     grc  12  122
-      sv  25  120
-      no  28  124
-      is  32  123
-      vi  42  136
-     zhy  40  131
-      zh  62  146
-      sw  14  107
-      th  50  141
-      id  14  119
-      ja   7  103
+    base  99   99
+   base2  24  118
+      en  54  148
+    en_n  30  148
+   en_us  34  148
+   en_sc  39  150
+   en_rp  34  148
+   en_wm  30  148
+   en_wi  30  148
+      af  38  131
+      cy  29  125
+      de  33  126
+      eo  13  111
+     jbo   4  112
+      fi  40  130
+      fr  43  124
+   fr_ca  11  124
+      hi  50  135
+      ta  15  137
+      hu  23  115
+      nl  28  122
+      pl  15  110
+      sk  29  128
+      cs   6  128
+      hr  20  133
+      mk   3  134
+      sr  14  133
+      ru  38  129
+      it  17  121
+      la  21  117
+      es   7  118
+      pt  27  134
+   pt_pt  20  134
+      ro  36  142
+      el   8  118
+     grc  12  123
+      sv  25  121
+      no  28  125
+      is  32  124
+      vi  42  137
+     zhy  40  132
+      zh  62  147
+      sw  14  108
+      th  50  142
+      id  14  120
+      tr  14  123
+      ja   7  104
 
 Data file      Used by
 b/b             [b] base
@@ -402,6 +403,7 @@ n/_n            [n] base
                 [n;] ro
                 [n] zh
 n/n_            [n] base
+                [n2] fr
                 [n;] ro
 n/n@            [(@)] base
 n/n#_           [n#] is
@@ -1260,6 +1262,7 @@ vowel/a_5       [a:] ta
                 [a] la
                 [a] sv
                 [a] sw
+                [a] tr
 vowel/aa        [a] fi
                 [A] fr_ca
                 [A] no
@@ -1367,6 +1370,7 @@ vowel/e_mid     [E] en_rp
                 [E] is
                 [E] id
                 [E2] id
+                [E] tr
                 [e] ja
 vowel/e_mid2    [E] af
                 [E] de
@@ -1378,6 +1382,7 @@ vowel/e_mid2    [E] af
                 [e] ro
                 [e] el
                 [e] sw
+                [e] tr
 vowel/@_fnt     [@] en_wi
                 [@2] en_wi
                 [@2] hr
@@ -1432,6 +1437,7 @@ vowel/i_6       [i:] en_us
                 [i] ta
                 [i] hr
                 [i] id
+                [i] tr
 vowel/i#_7      [i[] zh
 vowel/i_en      [i:] en
                 [i:] fr
@@ -1460,6 +1466,7 @@ vowel/ii_3      [I] cy
                 [I] hr
                 [I] sv
                 [I] no
+                [I] tr
 vowel/ii_4      [I] en
                 [I2] en
                 [I] en_n
@@ -1519,9 +1526,11 @@ vowel/oe        [W] en
                 [W] af
                 [W] de
 vowel/oe_2      [W] no
+                [W] tr
 vowel/oe_4      [W] sv
 vowel/o_mid     [O] fr
                 [o] hu
+                [o] tr
 vowel/oo        [O:] en_sc
                 [O] en_wi
                 [O:] en_wi
@@ -1536,6 +1545,7 @@ vowel/oo        [O:] en_sc
                 [O] th
                 [O:] th
                 [O] id
+                [O] tr
                 [o] ja
 vowel/oo_1      [O:] en_n
                 [O:] en_rp
@@ -1593,10 +1603,12 @@ vowel/u         [u:] en_wi
                 [u] id
 vowel/u#        [u-] en
                 [u:] en_sc
+                [Y] tr
 vowel/u_2       [u1] fi
                 [u] sk
                 [U] hr
                 [u] ro
+                [u] tr
 vowel/u#_2      [u-] ta
                 [u-] sv
 vowel/u_3       [yU] ro
@@ -1608,6 +1620,7 @@ vowel/u_6       [U] pt_pt
                 [u] pt_pt
 vowel/u#_6      [u:] en_us
 vowel/u_7       [u] vi
+vowel/u#_7      [u#] tr
 vowel/u_bck     [u] base2
                 [U] cy
                 [u] fi
@@ -1634,6 +1647,7 @@ vowel/uu        [U] en
 vowel/uu_2      [U] base2
                 [U] de
                 [U] ta
+                [U] tr
 vowel/uu_3      [u] af
 vowel/uu_4      [U] fi
                 [U] sv
@@ -1685,6 +1699,7 @@ vowel/y_3       [y] af
 vowel/y#_3      [W] is
 vowel/y_4       [y:] no
 vowel/y_5       [y:] sv
+                [y] tr
 vowel/yy        [y"] fr_ca
                 [y] no
 vowel/yy_3      [y] sv
diff --git a/phsource/ph_english_us b/phsource/ph_english_us
index 5af25f63..1d4d8457 100644
--- a/phsource/ph_english_us
+++ b/phsource/ph_english_us
@@ -276,6 +276,6 @@ phoneme t#    // reduced [t] as in "city"
   vowelout f1=2 f2=1700 -300 300  f3=-100 80
   formants d/tap2+x/d%70
   after @ d/x_tap
-  lengthmod 2
+  lengthmod 5
 endphoneme
 
diff --git a/phsource/ph_french b/phsource/ph_french
index 52d8a568..20f34527 100644
--- a/phsource/ph_french
+++ b/phsource/ph_french
@@ -266,6 +266,17 @@ phoneme l
 endphoneme
 
 
+phoneme n2
+  beforenotvowel NULL
+  vcd alv nasal
+  vowelout f1=2 f2=1700 -300 250  f3=-100 80  rms=20 brk
+  length 100
+  lengthmod 4
+  formants n/n_
+  before _ n/n_
+endphoneme
+
+
 phoneme p
   vls blb stop
   vowelin  f1=0  f2=1000 -50 -100  f3=-200 80 amp=11
diff --git a/phsource/ph_norwegian b/phsource/ph_norwegian
index d4389a3b..d18efdea 100644
--- a/phsource/ph_norwegian
+++ b/phsource/ph_norwegian
@@ -177,7 +177,6 @@ endphoneme
 phoneme Yy
   vowel starttype (@) endtype (u)
   length 270
-  long
   formants vwl_no/y#y
 endphoneme
 
diff --git a/phsource/ph_turkish b/phsource/ph_turkish
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..ea3e0e07
--- /dev/null
+++ b/phsource/ph_turkish
@@ -0,0 +1,93 @@
+
+
+phoneme i
+  vowel starttype (i) endtype (i)
+  beforenotvowel2 I
+  length 150
+  formants vowel/i_6
+endphoneme
+
+phoneme I
+  vowel starttype (i) endtype (i)
+  length 150
+  formants vowel/ii_3
+endphoneme
+
+phoneme y
+  vowel starttype (u) endtype (u)
+  beforenotvowel2 Y
+  length 155
+  formants vowel/y_5
+endphoneme
+
+phoneme Y
+  vowel starttype (u) endtype (u)
+  length 155
+  formants vowel/u#
+endphoneme
+
+
+
+phoneme e
+  vowel starttype (e) endtype (e)
+  beforenotvowel2 E
+  length 180
+  formants vowel/e_mid2
+endphoneme
+
+phoneme E
+  vowel starttype (e) endtype (e)
+  length 180
+  formants vowel/e_mid
+endphoneme
+
+phoneme W
+  vowel starttype (@) endtype (@)
+  length 180
+  formants vowel/oe_2
+endphoneme
+
+
+
+phoneme a
+  vowel starttype (a) endtype (a)
+  length 190
+  formants vowel/a_5
+endphoneme
+
+
+
+phoneme u
+  vowel starttype (u) endtype (u)
+  beforenotvowel2 U
+  length 150
+  formants vowel/u_2
+endphoneme
+
+phoneme U
+  vowel starttype (u) endtype (u)
+  length 150
+  formants vowel/uu_2
+endphoneme
+
+phoneme u#
+  vowel starttype (@) endtype (@)
+  length 150
+  formants vowel/u#_7
+endphoneme
+
+
+
+phoneme o
+  vowel starttype (o) endtype (o)
+  beforenotvowel2 O
+  length 190
+  formants vowel/o_mid
+endphoneme
+
+phoneme O
+  vowel starttype (o) endtype (o)
+  length 190
+  formants vowel/oo
+endphoneme
+
diff --git a/phsource/phonemes b/phsource/phonemes
index 81e584f1..957f42bd 100644
--- a/phsource/phonemes
+++ b/phsource/phonemes
@@ -31,6 +31,7 @@ phonemenumber 24 _::    // long pause
 phonemenumber 25 t#     // reduced version of [t]
 phonemenumber 26 '!     // stress - emphasized
 phonemenumber 27 _;_    // clause pause
+phonemenumber 28 _^^    // Change language + phoneme table number
 
 // The base phoneme table contains the utility phonemes, the consonants,
 // and a schwa.  The vowels are defined in the language specific phoneme
@@ -149,6 +150,13 @@ phoneme  _^_  //  Change dictionary (followed by language-code in ascii
   lengthmod 1
 endphoneme 
 
+phoneme  _^^  //  Change phoneme table (followed by phoneme table number)
+  pause
+  starttype _ endtype _
+  length 1
+  lengthmod 1
+endphoneme 
+
 phoneme  _X1  //  a language specific action
   pause
   starttype _ endtype _
@@ -1268,5 +1276,8 @@ include ph_thai
 phonemetable id base2
 include ph_indonesian
 
+phonemetable tr base2
+include ph_turkish
+
 phonemetable ja base
 include ph_japanese
diff --git a/phsource/vowel/oe_2 b/phsource/vowel/oe_2
index c35aef7f..d3d1c484 100644
Binary files a/phsource/vowel/oe_2 and b/phsource/vowel/oe_2 differ
diff --git a/phsource/vowel/u# b/phsource/vowel/u#
index 23df5813..2eafac85 100644
Binary files a/phsource/vowel/u# and b/phsource/vowel/u# differ
diff --git a/phsource/vowel/u#_7 b/phsource/vowel/u#_7
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..060d09e1
Binary files /dev/null and b/phsource/vowel/u#_7 differ
diff --git a/phsource/vowel/uu_2 b/phsource/vowel/uu_2
index 4cdfe995..8a5d5968 100644
Binary files a/phsource/vowel/uu_2 and b/phsource/vowel/uu_2 differ
diff --git a/phsource/vowel/vowelchart.png b/phsource/vowel/vowelchart.png
index 4255a138..3a86078d 100644
Binary files a/phsource/vowel/vowelchart.png and b/phsource/vowel/vowelchart.png differ
diff --git a/phsource/vwl_en_us/3_us b/phsource/vwl_en_us/3_us
index 0e5ca6c6..85a4781a 100644
Binary files a/phsource/vwl_en_us/3_us and b/phsource/vwl_en_us/3_us differ
diff --git a/src/compiledata.cpp b/src/compiledata.cpp
index fcc6dfe6..0b88b6bb 100755
--- a/src/compiledata.cpp
+++ b/src/compiledata.cpp
@@ -58,21 +58,26 @@
 #define tOLDNAME  14
 #define tREDUCETO 15
 #define tFIXEDCODE 16
+
 #define tBEFOREVOWEL 17
 #define tBEFOREVOWELPAUSE 18
 #define tBEFORENOTVOWEL 19
-#define tLINKOUT  20
+#define tBEFORENOTVOWEL2 20
 #define tSWITCHVOICING  21
-#define tVOWELIN  22
-#define tVOWELOUT 23
-#define tAPPENDPH 24         // always insert another phoneme (linkout) after this one
-#define tIMPORTPH 25
-#define tBEFOREPAUSE 26
+
+#define tLINKOUT  23
+#define tVOWELIN  24
+#define tVOWELOUT 25
+#define tAPPENDPH 26         // always insert another phoneme (linkout) after this one
+#define tIMPORTPH 27
+#define tBEFOREPAUSE 28
 
 #define tPHONEMENUMBER 29
 #define tPHONEMETABLE  30
 #define tINCLUDE  31
 
+static const int flags_alternative[] = {phBEFOREVOWEL,phBEFOREVOWELPAUSE,phBEFORENOTVOWEL,phBEFORENOTVOWEL2,phSWITCHVOICING};
+
 extern void Write4Bytes(FILE *f, int value);
 extern int Read4Bytes(FILE *f);
 extern void MakeVowelLists(void);
@@ -230,16 +235,17 @@ static keywtab_t keywords[] = {
 	{"length",   12},
 	{"longlength", 13},
 	{"reduceto", 15},
-	{"beforevowel", 17},
-	{"beforevowelpause", 18},
-	{"beforenotvowel",19},
-	{"linkout",20},
-	{"switchvoicing",21},
-	{"vowelin",22},
-	{"vowelout",23},
-	{"appendph",24},
-	{"import_phoneme",25},
-	{"beforepause",26},
+	{"beforevowel", tBEFOREVOWEL},
+	{"beforevowelpause", tBEFOREVOWELPAUSE},
+	{"beforenotvowel",tBEFORENOTVOWEL},
+	{"beforenotvowel2",tBEFORENOTVOWEL2},
+	{"linkout",tLINKOUT},
+	{"switchvoicing",tSWITCHVOICING},
+	{"vowelin",tVOWELIN},
+	{"vowelout",tVOWELOUT},
+	{"appendph",tAPPENDPH},
+	{"import_phoneme",tIMPORTPH},
+	{"beforepause",tBEFOREPAUSE},
 
 	// flags
 	{"wavef",      0x2000000+phWAVE},
@@ -1374,18 +1380,12 @@ int Compile::CPhoneme()
 			ph->phflags = (ph->phflags & 0xfffffff) + (value << 28);
 			break;
 
-		case tBEFORENOTVOWEL:
-			ph->phflags |= phBEFORENOTVOWEL;  // and drop through to tBEFOREVOWEL
-		case tBEFOREVOWELPAUSE:
-			ph->phflags |= phBEFOREVOWELPAUSE;
 		case tBEFOREVOWEL:
-			if((phcode = NextItem(tPHONEMEMNEM)) == -1)
-				phcode = LookupPhoneme(item_string,1);
-			ph->alternative_ph = phcode;
-			break;
-
+		case tBEFOREVOWELPAUSE:
+		case tBEFORENOTVOWEL:
+		case tBEFORENOTVOWEL2:
 		case tSWITCHVOICING:
-			ph->phflags |= phSWITCHVOICING;
+			ph->phflags |= flags_alternative[item - tBEFOREVOWEL];
 			if((phcode = NextItem(tPHONEMEMNEM)) == -1)
 				phcode = LookupPhoneme(item_string,1);
 			ph->alternative_ph = phcode;
diff --git a/src/dictionary.cpp b/src/dictionary.cpp
index c411a210..82f26d9a 100755
--- a/src/dictionary.cpp
+++ b/src/dictionary.cpp
@@ -1197,6 +1197,23 @@ void Translator::SetWordStress(char *output, unsigned int dictionary_flags, int
 		}
 		break;
 
+	case 7:  // LANG=tr, the last syllable for any vowel markes explicitly as unstressed
+		if(stressed_syllable == 0)
+		{
+			stressed_syllable = vowel_count - 1;
+			for(ix=2; ix < vowel_count; ix++)
+			{
+				if(vowel_stress[ix] == 1)
+				{
+					stressed_syllable = ix-1;
+					break;
+				}
+			}
+			vowel_stress[stressed_syllable] = 4;
+			max_stress = 4;
+		}
+		break;
+
 	case 9:  // mark all as stressed
 		for(ix=1; ix<vowel_count; ix++)
 		{
diff --git a/src/extras.cpp b/src/extras.cpp
index 9cea30b4..3ecf0818 100644
--- a/src/extras.cpp
+++ b/src/extras.cpp
@@ -1160,7 +1160,7 @@ void Test2()
 
 
 
-const char* text1 = "Hello, World2 <mark name=\"mark2\"/>. This is the second sentence";
+const char* text1 = "Hello world. Testing.";
 
 void TestTest(int control)
 {//=======================
@@ -1200,10 +1200,10 @@ if(control==2)
 
 	f_wavtest = OpenWaveFile3("/home/jsd1/speechdata/text/test.wav");
 	f_events = fopen("/home/jsd1/speechdata/text/events","w");
-	fprintf(f_events,"Type Audio  Text  Length Id\n");
+	fprintf(f_events,"Type             Audio  Text  Length Id\n");
 	fclose(f_events);
 
-	espeak_Initialize(AUDIO_OUTPUT_PLAYBACK,1000,NULL,0);
+	espeak_Initialize(AUDIO_OUTPUT_RETRIEVAL,1000,NULL,1);
 	espeak_SetSynthCallback(TestSynthCallback);
 	espeak_SetUriCallback(TestUriCallback);
 
diff --git a/src/numbers.cpp b/src/numbers.cpp
index 943fe664..f4114d44 100644
--- a/src/numbers.cpp
+++ b/src/numbers.cpp
@@ -31,6 +31,7 @@
 #include "speech.h"
 #include "phoneme.h"
 #include "synthesize.h"
+#include "voice.h"
 #include "translate.h"
 
 
@@ -44,6 +45,15 @@ void Translator::LookupLetter(int letter, int next_byte, char *ph_buf1)
 	char ph_stress[2];
 	char ph_buf3[30];
 
+	if((letter <= 32) || iswspace(letter))
+	{
+		// lookup space as _&32 etc.
+		sprintf(&single_letter[1],"_#%d ",letter);
+		Lookup(&single_letter[1],ph_buf1);
+		return;
+	}
+
+
 	len = utf8_out(letter,&single_letter[2]);
 	single_letter[len+2] = ' ';
 
@@ -89,11 +99,13 @@ int Translator::TranslateLetter(char *word, char *phonemes, int control)
 	int n_bytes;
 	int letter;
 	int len;
+	int phoneme_tab_en;
 	char *p2;
 	char *pbuf;
 	char capital[20];
-	char ph_buf[50];
-	char ph_buf2[50];
+	char ph_buf[60];
+	char ph_buf2[60];
+	char ph_buf_en[60];
 	char hexbuf[6];
 	static char single_letter[10] = {0,0};
 
@@ -117,15 +129,6 @@ int Translator::TranslateLetter(char *word, char *phonemes, int control)
 	}
 	letter = towlower(letter);
 
-	if((letter <= 32) || iswspace(letter))
-	{
-		// lookup space as _&32 etc.
-		sprintf(&single_letter[1],"_#%d ",letter);
-		Lookup(&single_letter[1],ph_buf);
-		strcat(phonemes,ph_buf);
-		return(n_bytes);
-	}
-
 	LookupLetter(letter, word[n_bytes], ph_buf);
 
 	if(ph_buf[0] == phonSWITCH)
@@ -133,6 +136,18 @@ int Translator::TranslateLetter(char *word, char *phonemes, int control)
 		strcpy(phonemes,ph_buf);
 		return(0);
 	}
+
+	if(ph_buf[0] == 0)
+	{
+		phoneme_tab_en = SetTranslator2("en");
+		translator2->LookupLetter(letter, word[n_bytes], ph_buf_en);
+		if(ph_buf_en[0] != 0)
+		{
+			sprintf(ph_buf,"%c%c%s%c%c",phonSWITCH2, phoneme_tab_en + phonTOP, ph_buf_en, phonSWITCH2, voice->phoneme_tab_ix + phonTOP);
+		}
+		SelectPhonemeTable(voice->phoneme_tab_ix);  // revert to original phoneme table
+	}
+
 	if(ph_buf[0] == 0)
 	{
 		// character name not found
@@ -166,8 +181,8 @@ int Translator::TranslateLetter(char *word, char *phonemes, int control)
 
 
 
-void Translator::SetSpellingStress(char *phonemes, int control)
-{//============================================================
+void Translator::SetSpellingStress(char *phonemes, int control, int n_chars)
+{//=========================================================================
 // Individual letter names, reduce the stress of some.
 	int ix;
 	unsigned int c;
@@ -188,7 +203,7 @@ void Translator::SetSpellingStress(char *phonemes, int control)
 	count = 0;
 	for(ix=0; (c = buf[ix]) != 0; ix++)
 	{
-		if(c == phonSTRESS_P)
+		if((c == phonSTRESS_P) && (n_chars > 1))
 		{
 			count++;
 
diff --git a/src/phoneme.h b/src/phoneme.h
index fb2acc23..c2662cce 100755
--- a/src/phoneme.h
+++ b/src/phoneme.h
@@ -45,18 +45,19 @@
 #define phTRILL    0x80
 #define phVOWEL2   0x100   // liquid that is considered a vowel
 #define phPALATAL  0x200
-#define phLONG     0x1000
 #define phAPPENDPH 0x2000  // always insert another phoneme (link_out) after this one
 #define phBRKAFTER 0x4000  // [*] add a post-pause
 #define phBEFOREPAUSE 0x8000  // replace with the link_out phoneme if the next phoneme is a pause
 
-#define phALTERNATIVE    0x0c00   // bits 10,11  specifying use of alternative_ph
+#define phALTERNATIVE    0x1c00   // bits 10,11,12  specifying use of alternative_ph
 #define phBEFOREVOWEL    0x0000
 #define phBEFOREVOWELPAUSE  0x0400
 #define phBEFORENOTVOWEL 0x0c00
+#define phBEFORENOTVOWEL2 0x1000
 #define phSWITCHVOICING  0x0800
 
 #define phNONSYLLABIC 0x100000   // don't count this vowel as a syllable when finding the stress position 
+#define phLONG        0x200000
 
 // fixed phoneme code numbers, these can be used from the program code
 #define phonCONTROL     1
@@ -86,6 +87,8 @@
 #define phonT_REDUCED   25
 #define phonSTRESS_TONIC 26
 #define phonPAUSE_CLAUSE 27
+#define phonSWITCH2     28
+#define phonTOP         28    // highest pre-defined phoneme number
 
 extern const unsigned char pause_phonemes[8];  // 0, vshort, short, pause, long, glottalstop
 
diff --git a/src/phonemelist.cpp b/src/phonemelist.cpp
index 7fd57122..4a186f3d 100755
--- a/src/phonemelist.cpp
+++ b/src/phonemelist.cpp
@@ -395,6 +395,14 @@ void Translator::MakePhonemeList(int post_pause, int start_sentence)
 					alternative = ph->alternative_ph;
 				break;
 
+			case phBEFORENOTVOWEL2:    // LANG=tr
+				if(((plist2+1)->sourceix != 0) ||
+               ((next->type != phVOWEL) && ((phoneme_tab[(plist2+2)->phcode]->type != phVOWEL) || ((plist2+2)->sourceix != 0))))
+				{
+					alternative = ph->alternative_ph;
+				}
+				break;
+
 			case phBEFOREVOWELPAUSE:
 				if((next->type == phVOWEL) || (next->type == phPAUSE))
 					alternative = ph->alternative_ph;
diff --git a/src/speech.h b/src/speech.h
index 6223c700..44dad5fe 100755
--- a/src/speech.h
+++ b/src/speech.h
@@ -41,6 +41,7 @@
 #endif
 
 #ifdef _ESPEAKEDIT
+#define USE_PORTAUDIO
 #define USE_ASYNC
 #define LOG_FRAMES      // write keyframe info to log-espeakedit
 #endif
diff --git a/src/synthdata.cpp b/src/synthdata.cpp
index 08722858..dcb25dc2 100755
--- a/src/synthdata.cpp
+++ b/src/synthdata.cpp
@@ -35,8 +35,8 @@
 #include "translate.h"
 #include "wave.h"
 
-const char *version_string = "1.31.04  30.Jan.08";
-const int version_phdata  = 0x013100;
+const char *version_string = "1.31.05  04.Feb.08";
+const int version_phdata  = 0x013105;
 
 int option_device_number = -1;
 
diff --git a/src/tr_languages.cpp b/src/tr_languages.cpp
index ad901d29..d7d88a19 100644
--- a/src/tr_languages.cpp
+++ b/src/tr_languages.cpp
@@ -669,15 +669,15 @@ SetLengthMods(tr,3);  // all equal
 	case L('t','r'):   // Turkish
 		{
 			static const unsigned char stress_amps_tr[8] = {16,16, 20,20, 20,24, 24,22 };
-			static const short stress_lengths_tr[8] = {180,150, 200,180, 0,0, 230,270};
+			static const short stress_lengths_tr[8] = {170,170, 190,170, 0,0, 250,270};
 
 			tr = new Translator();
 			SetupTranslator(tr,stress_lengths_tr,stress_amps_tr);
 			tr->charset_a0 = charsets[9];   // ISO-8859-9 - Latin5
 
-			tr->langopts.stress_rule = 3;   // stress on the last syllable
+			tr->langopts.stress_rule = 7;   // stress on the last syllable, before any explicitly unstressed syllable
 
-			tr->langopts.numbers = 0x1009;
+			tr->langopts.numbers = 0x1d09;
 			tr->langopts.max_initial_consonants = 2;
 		}
 		break;
diff --git a/src/translate.cpp b/src/translate.cpp
index a78c7faf..578c6719 100755
--- a/src/translate.cpp
+++ b/src/translate.cpp
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@
 
 
 Translator *translator = NULL;    // the main translator
-static Translator *translator2 = NULL;   // secondary translator for certain words
+Translator *translator2 = NULL;   // secondary translator for certain words
 static char translator2_language[20] = {0};
 
 FILE *f_trans = NULL;     // phoneme output text
@@ -750,6 +750,7 @@ if((wmark > 0) && (wmark < 8))
 		while(*wordx != ' ')
 		{
 			wordx += TranslateLetter(wordx, phonemes,spell_word);
+			posn++;
 			if(phonemes[0] == phonSWITCH)
 			{
 				// change to another language in order to translate this word
@@ -757,7 +758,7 @@ if((wmark > 0) && (wmark < 8))
 				return(0);
 			}
 		}
-		SetSpellingStress(phonemes,spell_word);
+		SetSpellingStress(phonemes,spell_word,posn);
 	}
 	else
 	if(found == 0)
@@ -776,6 +777,7 @@ if((wmark > 0) && (wmark < 8))
 			// find a remainder that we can pronounce.
 			emphasize_allcaps = 0;
 			wordx += TranslateLetter(wordx,phonemes,0);
+			posn++;
 			if(phonemes[0] == phonSWITCH)
 			{
 				// change to another language in order to translate this word
@@ -798,7 +800,7 @@ if((wmark > 0) && (wmark < 8))
 			if(length > 0)
 				wordx[-1] = ' ';            // prevent this affecting the pronunciation of the pronuncable part
 		}
-		SetSpellingStress(phonemes,0);
+		SetSpellingStress(phonemes,0,posn);
 
 		// anything left ?
 		if(*wordx != ' ')
@@ -1164,6 +1166,39 @@ static int CountSyllables(unsigned char *phonemes)
 	return(count);
 }
 
+
+int SetTranslator2(const char *new_language)
+{//=========================================
+// Set translator2 to a second language
+	int new_phoneme_tab;
+
+	if((new_phoneme_tab = SelectPhonemeTableName(new_language)) >= 0)
+	{
+		if((translator2 != NULL) && (strcmp(new_language,translator2_language) != 0))
+		{
+			// we already have an alternative translator, but not for the required language, delete it
+			delete translator2;
+			translator2 = NULL;
+		}
+
+		if(translator2 == NULL)
+		{
+			translator2 = SelectTranslator(new_language);
+			strcpy(translator2_language,new_language);
+
+			if(translator2->LoadDictionary(new_language,0) != 0)
+			{
+				SelectPhonemeTable(voice->phoneme_tab_ix);  // revert to original phoneme table
+				new_phoneme_tab = -1;
+				translator2_language[0] = 0;
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	return(new_phoneme_tab);
+}  // end of SetTranslator2
+
+
+
 int Translator::TranslateWord2(char *word, WORD_TAB *wtab, int pre_pause, int next_pause)
 {//======================================================================================
 	int flags=0;
@@ -1199,27 +1234,31 @@ int Translator::TranslateWord2(char *word, WORD_TAB *wtab, int pre_pause, int ne
 	if(word_flags & FLAG_EMBEDDED)
 	{
 		embedded_flag = SFLAG_EMBEDDED;
-		value = embedded_list[embedded_read] >> 8;
 
-		switch(embedded_cmd = embedded_list[embedded_read] & 0x1f)
+		do
 		{
-		case EMBED_Y:
-			option_sayas = value;
-			break;
+			embedded_cmd = embedded_list[embedded_read++];
+			value = embedded_cmd >> 8;
 
-		case EMBED_F:
-			option_emphasis = value;
-			break;
-
-		case EMBED_B:
-			// break command
-			if(value == 0)
-				pre_pause = 0;  // break=none
-			else
-				pre_pause += value;
-			break;
-		}
-		while((embedded_list[embedded_read++] & 0x80) == 0);  // read over the embedded commands for this word
+			switch(embedded_cmd & 0x1f)
+			{
+			case EMBED_Y:
+				option_sayas = value;
+				break;
+	
+			case EMBED_F:
+				option_emphasis = value;
+				break;
+	
+			case EMBED_B:
+				// break command
+				if(value == 0)
+					pre_pause = 0;  // break=none
+				else
+					pre_pause += value;
+				break;
+			}
+		} while((embedded_cmd & 0x80) == 0);
 	}
 
 	if(word[0] == 0)
@@ -1328,28 +1367,9 @@ int Translator::TranslateWord2(char *word, WORD_TAB *wtab, int pre_pause, int ne
 			new_language = (char *)(&p[1]);
 			if(new_language[0]==0)
 				new_language = "en";
-			if((switch_phonemes = SelectPhonemeTableName(new_language)) >= 0)
-			{
-				if((translator2 != NULL) && (strcmp(new_language,translator2_language) != 0))
-				{
-					// we already have an alternative translator, but not for the required language, delete it
-					delete translator2;
-					translator2 = NULL;
-				}
 
-				if(translator2 == NULL)
-				{
-					translator2 = SelectTranslator(new_language);
-					strcpy(translator2_language,new_language);
+			switch_phonemes = SetTranslator2(new_language);
 
-					if(translator2->LoadDictionary(new_language,0) != 0)
-					{
-						SelectPhonemeTable(voice->phoneme_tab_ix);  // revert to original phoneme table
-						switch_phonemes = -1;
-						translator2_language[0] = 0;
-					}
-				}
-			}
 			if(switch_phonemes >= 0)
 			{
 				// re-translate the word using the new translator
@@ -1488,6 +1508,12 @@ int Translator::TranslateWord2(char *word, WORD_TAB *wtab, int pre_pause, int ne
 			srcix = source_ix+1;
 		}
 		else
+		if(ph_code == phonSWITCH2)
+		{
+			SetPlist2(&ph_list2[n_ph_list2],phonSWITCH);
+			ph_list2[n_ph_list2++].tone_number = *p++ - phonTOP;   // phoneme table number (phonTOP is added to avoid confusion with special phoneme numbers)
+		}
+		else
 		if(ph_code == phonX1)
 		{
 			// a language specific action 
diff --git a/src/translate.h b/src/translate.h
index 46ca94a0..2389bc2f 100755
--- a/src/translate.h
+++ b/src/translate.h
@@ -416,7 +416,7 @@ public:
 private:
 	int TranslateWord2(char *word, WORD_TAB *wtab, int pre_pause, int next_pause);
 	int TranslateLetter(char *letter, char *phonemes, int control);
-	void SetSpellingStress(char *phonemes, int control);
+	void SetSpellingStress(char *phonemes, int control, int n_chars);
 	void WriteMnemonic(int *ix, int mnem);
 	void MakePhonemeList(int post_pause, int new_sentence);
 	int SubstitutePhonemes(PHONEME_LIST2 *plist_out);
@@ -541,6 +541,7 @@ extern unsigned char punctuation_to_tone[INTONATION_TYPES][PUNCT_INTONATIONS];
 extern int speech_parameters[];
 
 extern Translator *translator;
+extern Translator *translator2;
 extern const unsigned short *charsets[N_CHARSETS];
 extern char dictionary_name[40];
 extern char ctrl_embedded;    // to allow an alternative CTRL for embedded commands
@@ -554,6 +555,7 @@ extern int (* phoneme_callback)(const char *);
 extern void SetLengthMods(Translator *tr, int value);
 
 Translator *SelectTranslator(const char *name);
+int SetTranslator2(const char *name);
 int CompileDictionary(const char *dsource, const char *dict_name, FILE *log, char *err_name,int flags);
 void LoadConfig(void);
 int PhonemeCode(unsigned int mnem);