From 488a103c12756766aa2e1726561c8e05709f58b0 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: "Reece H. Dunn" Date: Sun, 22 Jan 2017 21:41:59 +0000 Subject: [PATCH] docs/phonemes.md: reorganise the co-articulation features. --- docs/phonemes.md | 48 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++--------------------- 1 file changed, 27 insertions(+), 21 deletions(-) diff --git a/docs/phonemes.md b/docs/phonemes.md index 96fe729a..99559855 100644 --- a/docs/phonemes.md +++ b/docs/phonemes.md @@ -663,7 +663,7 @@ consonants, but Wikipedia does not. This model uses the Wikipedia descriptions. | `alf` | alveolar ridge (front) | | `alb` | alveolar ridge (back) | | `hpl` | hard palate | -| `spl` | soft palate | +| `spl` | soft palate (velum) | | `uvu` | uvular | | `prx` | pharynx | | `egs` | epiglottis | @@ -683,6 +683,14 @@ labialization. Consonants are `unr` by default, and can use the ◌ʷ, ◌ᶣ an annotations to specify the type of labialization. Vowels can use these to change their labialization from the default one specified by `rnd`. +Additionally, the degree of rounding/labialization can be specified using the +following features: + +| Feature | Symbol | Name | +|---------|--------|--------------| +| `mrd` | ◌̹ | more rounded | +| `lrd` | ◌̜ | less rounded | + ### Vowel Height | Feature | Name | @@ -720,6 +728,24 @@ change their labialization from the default one specified by `rnd`. | `lrs` | ◌ˡ | lateral release | | `unx` | ◌̚ | no audible release (unexploded) | +### Co-articulation + +| Feature | Symbol | Name | Co-Articulator | Type | +|---------|--------|-----------------|----------------|-----------------------| +| `pzd` | ◌ʲ | palatalized | `hpl` | Passive Articulator | +| `vzd` | ◌ˠ | velarized | `spl` | Passive Articulator | +| `fzd` | ◌ˤ | pharyngealized | `prx` | Passive Articulator | +| `nzd` | ◌̃ | nasalized | `nsl` | Target | +| `rzd` | ◌˞ | rhoticized | `rfx` | Place of Articulation | + +Additionally, the tongue root position can be specified using the following +features: + +| Feature | Symbol | Name | +|---------|--------|-----------------------| +| `atr` | ◌̘ | advanced tongue root | +| `rtr` | ◌̙ | retracted tongue root | + ### Fortis and Lenis | Feature | Kirshenbaum | IPA | Name | @@ -736,26 +762,6 @@ Where fortis and lenis are used to contrast consonant durations (e.g. in the Jawoyn, Ojibwe, and Zurich German languages\[8\]), the [length](#length) suprasegmentals are used instead. -### Co-articulation - -| Feature | Kirshenbaum | IPA | Name | -|---------|-------------|-----|-----------------| -| `mrd` | | ◌̹ | more rounded | -| `lrd` | | ◌̜ | less rounded | -| `pzd` | `pzd` | ◌ʲ | palatalized | -| `vzd` | `vzd` | ◌ˠ | velarized | -| `fzd` | `fzd` | ◌ˤ | pharyngealized | -| `atr` | | ◌̘ | advanced tongue root | -| `rtr` | | ◌̙ | retracted tongue root | -| `nzd` | `nzd` | ◌̃ | nasalized | -| `rzd` | `rzd` | ◌˞ | rhoticized | - -__NOTE:__ The IPA supports ◌̴ for velarized or pharynealized consonants. Unicode -has deprecated this combining character, while keeping the combined forms. As -such, only the combined forms are supported, using the `fzd` feature. Cainteoir -Text-to-Speech uses `vfz` for this combining character, but eSpeak NG does not -preserve the distinction between ◌ˤ and ◌̴. - ### Suprasegmentals #### Stress